[Health professional's perception about the use of human colostrum, as preventive measure for necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm newborns].

Introduction: In Chile, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) mainly affects preterm infants, with an incidence of 0.3 to 2.4 per 1,000 live births, and 8 to 12% in preterm infants weighing less than 1,500 grams.

Surgical Tracheostomies in COVID-19 Patients: Indications, Technique, and Results in a Second-Level Spanish Hospital.

Objective: The main purpose of this work is to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of intensive care unit (ICU) patients in a second-level hospital in Madrid, Spain, focusing in those who underwent surgical tracheostomy during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The surgical technique and associated complications are also detailed.

Study Design: Observational and historical cohort.

A clinician's perspective on yellow fever vaccine-associated neurotropic disease.

Yellow fever (YF) causes high fever, liver dysfunction, renal failure, hypercoagulopathy and platelet dysfunction and can lead to shock and death with a case-fatality ratio of 20-50%. YF vaccination results in long-lasting protective immunity. Serious adverse events (SAEs), such as YF vaccine-associated neurotropic disease (YEL-AND) are rare.

[Dengue and other hemorrhagic viral fevers].

Few diseases generate such alarm among the general population and health professionals as viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs). VHFs are acute infections with high associated mortality that are difficult to clinically diagnose and differentiate. Reliable laboratory diagnosis is required for proper patient support and to limit the risk of transmission and the development of secondary cases.

Recurrent hepatitis C genotype 1b following liver transplantation: treatment with combination interferon-ribavirin therapy.

Background: Recurrent hepatitis C is very common leading to graft cirrhosis in a significant proportion of patients. Preliminary reports of combination therapy with interferon-ribavirin have been promising but generally applied to selected patients with chronic mild disease. Little is known, however, about the efficacy and risk of adverse effects when it is used in general clinical practice.

Delayed onset of severe hepatitis C-related liver damage following liver transplantation: a matter of concern?

Although histological hepatitis occurs in the majority of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected liver transplant recipients, the natural history is highly variable. Whereas progression to cirrhosis occurs in up to 30% after 3 to 7 years, the disease remains stable in another third of patients, in whom protocol liver biopsies might be avoided. However, there is recent concern that with prolonged follow-up, some patients with initial benign recurrence may develop a late-onset aggressive course.

Severe recurrent hepatitis C after liver retransplantation for hepatitis C virus-related graft cirrhosis.

An increase in the number of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected transplant recipients at need for repeated liver transplantation is anticipated. To date, there is a certain reluctance to accept these patients because of an increased organ shortage, early reports suggesting a poor outcome, and uncertainty regarding the natural history of recurrent hepatitis C in the second graft. The aim of this study is to determine the outcome of patients undergoing retransplantation for HCV-related graft cirrhosis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma: Can it be considered a controversial indication for liver transplantation in centers with high rates of hepatitis C?

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still considered a controversial indication for liver transplantation (LT), mainly because of long waiting times and underlying viral cirrhosis. The goal was to evaluate the outcome of LT in 104 patients with HCC and cirrhosis, mainly hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related, in a center with a short waiting time (median, 105 days). Four groups were formed according to the HCC and HCV status: HCV positive with HCC (group 1, n = 81), HCV negative with HCC (group 2, n = 23), HCV positive without HCC (group 3, n = 200), and HCV negative without HCC (group 4, n = 207).

Contribution of obesity to hepatitis C-related fibrosis progression.

Objective: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease progression is variable. Identification of factors predictive of rapid progression is an important goal for improving patient management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive role of several variables, including some that are etiologically related to the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) syndrome such us obesity, in fibrosis progression in both patients with elevated and normal transaminase levels.

Contribution of donor age to the recent decrease in patient survival among HCV-infected liver transplant recipients.

Recurrent hepatitis occurs in the majority of patients undergoing liver transplantation for hepatitis C virus (HCV) cirrhosis, with progression to cirrhosis in up to 30% after 5 years. Based on these data, a decrease in survival can be anticipated with prolonged follow-up. Furthermore, posttransplantation HCV-fibrosis progression has been shown in recent years to increase.

Nasolabial cyst: report of a case with extensive apocrine change.

The nasolabial cyst is a rare condition of the midline with an uncertain pathogenesis. This case report describes a 44-year-old woman in which the clinicopathologic findings were consistent with nasolabial cyst. On histologic examination, extensive apocrine change was noticed.

[Primary nasal sinus malignant melanomas].

Primary malignant melanoma of the mucosa of the nasal and paranasal sinuses is rare, difficult to treat, and usually has a poor prognosis. Seven cases, six women and one man (mean age 76.5 years), were treated at the Hospital 12 de Octubre (Madrid, Spain) during the period 1982-1994.

[Orbital cellulitis and permanent amaurosis: clinical case].

Orbital cellulitis is a rare, potentially serious but complication of acute sinusitis. It is more frequent and benign in children, but in adults usually requieres surgical drainage of the affected sinus. We report a case of aggressive evolution with permanent blindness in an adult without general or local risk factors, in spite of adequate treatment.

[Subdural empyema induced by frontal sinusitis].

Nowadays the complications arising from sinusitis are rare. However its seriousness can even cause death. Intracranial complications are much more uncommon than the orbital ones.

[Adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of pharyngolaryngeal cancers in advanced stages].

Since 1980 we use adjuvant chemotherapy in advanced laryngopharyngeal carcinomas. These cases were resectable and unresectable lesions with tumoral extent to the pharynx as a common characteristic. We analyze the survival of the first 50 cases treated with chemotherapy followed by: A) surgery and radiotherapy (36 cases) and B) radiotherapy alone (14 cases).

[Congenital medially invasive cholesteatoma of the temporal bone: supralabyrinthine dissemination and possible origin in the area of the geniculate ganglion].

Congenital cholesteatoma appears in about 2% of all cholesteatomas. The possibility of deep extension producing a medially invasive petrous bone cholesteatoma is very uncommon because congenital cholesteatomas are not as aggressive as acquired ones. The onset of facial palsy in a patient with a history of several years of hearing loss must suggest this possibility.

[The mastoid surgery in children at the Doce de Octubre Hospital. Review of the years 1988-1991].

A study was made of 21 children with cholesteatoma and chronic otitis media between 1989 and 1991. We reviewed diagnostic tools, presurgical data, surgical procedures and results. Certain aspects of special relevance such as congenital anomalies and presurgical complications, are emphasized.

[Tuberculous retropharyngeal abscess in an HIV patient. Report of a case].

The tubercular retropharyngeal abscess is a rare manifestation of this infection, even in the presence of an extensive pulmonary involvement. We present the case of a patient HIV positive with an important compromise of the airway, and a review of the literature.