Identification and nitric oxide production inhibitory activity of phenolic derivatives from the trunks of .

Phytochemical investigation of the trunks from led to the isolation of a novel phenolic glucoside, 2-2,4-di-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)but-2-en-1-yl---D-glucopyranoside (), along with five known stilbene derivatives (). Their structures were determined mainly using high-resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses, followed by comparisons of observed spectral data with reported values. The novel compound in was found to be useful as a chemotaxonomic marker.

Enterosorbents in complex therapy of food allergies: a focus on digestive disorders and systemic toxicity in children.

The review analyzes mechanisms and concomitant factors in developing IgE-associated allergic diseases provoked by food allergens and discusses clinical symptoms and current approaches for the treatment of food allergies. The expediency of using enterosorbents in complex therapy of food allergies and skin and respiratory manifestations associated with gastroenterological disorders is substantiated. The review summarizes the experience of using enterosorbents in post-Soviet countries to detoxify the human body.

Oleanane-type triterpenoid sulphates, two new α-glucosidase inhibitors from .

In connection with our interest in the phytochemical investigation of Oliv. (Elaeocarpaceae) growing in Vietnam, two new sulphated oleanane triterpenes were obtained herein and structurally identified. Based on the combination of the extensive 1D-, 2D NMR and HR ESI MS spectroscopic data analysis, their chemical structures have been elucidated as 1,3-dihydroxy-olean-18-ene 1-sulphate () and 1,3-dihydroxy-olean-12-ene 1-sulphate ().

Four New Stilbene Derivatives Isolated from Gnetum latifolium var. funiculare Markgr. and Their Inhibition of NO Production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 Cells.

Gnetum latifolium var. funiculare Markgr. is a medicinal plant and widely distributed in mountainous areas of Vietnam.

Potassium Channels, Glucose Metabolism and Glycosylation in Cancer Cells.

Potassium channels emerge as one of the crucial groups of proteins that shape the biology of cancer cells. Their involvement in processes like cell growth, migration, or electric signaling, seems obvious. However, the relationship between the function of K+ channels, glucose metabolism, and cancer glycome appears much more intriguing.

Biological effects of bergamot and its potential therapeutic use as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer agent.

Bergamot, mainly produced in the Ionian coastal areas of Southern Italy (Calabria), has been used since 1700 for its balsamic and medicinal properties. Phytochemical profiling has confirmed that bergamot juices are rich in flavonoids, including flavone and flavanone glycosides which are responsible for its beneficial effects. Recently, it was shown that the combination of natural compounds with conventional treatments improves the efficacy of anticancer therapies.

Flavonoids as Modulators of Potassium Channels.

Potassium channels are widely distributed integral proteins responsible for the effective and selective transport of K+ ions through the biological membranes. According to the existing structural and mechanistic differences, they are divided into several groups. All of them are considered important molecular drug targets due to their physiological roles, including the regulation of membrane potential or cell signaling.

Antiviral Activity of Leaf Extracts against HSV-1, HCoV-229E and PV-1.

plant extract showed antimicrobial activity, but no evidence concerning its antiviral properties was reported. The antiviral activity of the methanolic extract (MeOH) and its -hexane (H) and ethyl acetate (EA) fractions against virus-1 (HSV-1), Human coronavirus (HCoV) -229E, and Poliovirus-1 (PV-1) was investigated in the different phases of viral infection in the VERO CCL-81 cell line. To confirm the antiviral efficacy, a qPCR was conducted.

Noncytotoxic 16,23-epoxycucurbitacin-type triterpenoids from .

Phytochemical investigation of methanol extract from Oliv. leaves and twigs led to the isolation and structural determination of three 16,23-epoxycucurbitacin-type triterpenoids, including a new hydroperoxide, 16,23-epoxy-320dihydroxy-24-hydroperoxy-1023-cucurbit-5,25-dien-11-one (elahainencin A, ), and two known analogs ( and ). Their chemical structures were determined by the spectroscopic analyses, including 1 D-, 2 D NMR and HR ESI MS spectra.

In Search for the Missing Link in APECED-like Conditions: Analysis of the Gene in a Series of 48 Patients.

Autoimmune diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders of the immune system. They can cluster in the same individual, revealing various preferential associations for polyendocrine autoimmune syndromes. Clinical observation, together with advances in genetics and the understanding of pathophysiological processes, has further highlighted that autoimmunity can be associated with immunodeficiency; autoimmunity may even be the first primary immunodeficiency manifestation.

Glucocorticoids and natural killer cells: A suppressive relationship.

Glucocorticoids exert their pharmacological actions by mimicking and amplifying the function of the endogenous glucocorticoid system's canonical physiological stress response. They affect the immune system at the levels of inflammation and adaptive and innate immunity. These effects are the basis for therapeutic use of glucocorticoids.

Putative Anticancer Compounds from Plant-Derived Endophytic Fungi: A Review.

Endophytic fungi are microorganisms that exist almost ubiquitously inside the various tissues of living plants where they act as an important reservoir of diverse bioactive compounds. Recently, endophytic fungi have drawn tremendous attention from researchers; their isolation, culture, purification, and characterization have revealed the presence of around 200 important and diverse compounds including anticancer agents, antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, immunosuppressants, and antimycotics. Many of these anticancer compounds, such as paclitaxel, camptothecin, vinblastine, vincristine, podophyllotoxin, and their derivatives, are currently being used clinically for the treatment of various cancers (e.

Glucocorticoid and PD-1 Cross-Talk: Does the Immune System Become Confused?

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligands, PD-L1/2, control T cell activation and tolerance. While PD-1 expression is induced upon T cell receptor (TCR) activation or cytokine signaling, PD-L1 is expressed on B cells, antigen presenting cells, and on non-immune tissues, including cancer cells. Importantly, PD-L1 binding inhibits T cell activation.

Unravelling the Phytochemical Composition and the Pharmacological Properties of an Optimized Extract from the Fruit from L.: From Traditional Liqueur Market to the Pharmacy Shelf.

L. fruit has long been used in the production of traditional liqueurs. The fruit also displayed scavenging and reducing activity, in vitro.

Natural Killer Cells: Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Target in Autoimmune Diseases?

Autoimmune diseases recognize a multifactorial pathogenesis, although the exact mechanism responsible for their onset remains to be fully elucidated. Over the past few years, the role of natural killer (NK) cells in shaping immune responses has been highlighted even though their involvement is profoundly linked to the subpopulation involved and to the site where such interaction takes place. The aberrant number and functionality of NK cells have been reported in several different autoimmune disorders.

Extract Inhibits LPS-Triggered Inflammation Markers and Suppresses RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7.

() leaf decoction, a traditional remedy prepared in North by the Hmong ethnic group, is a tea extract rich in bioactive compounds that may have therapeutic effects in arthritis and backache. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that is able to inhibit Th17 lymphocytes development and to protect mice in an experimental model of collagen-induced arthritis. By resorting to macrophage models of inflammation and osteoclastogenesis, we showed that extract significantly reduced nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) activity and IL-6 production by RAW 264.

Bcl-xL overexpression decreases GILZ levels and inhibits glucocorticoid-induced activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3 in mouse thymocytes.

Glucocorticoids promote thymocyte apoptosis and modulate transcription of numerous regulators of thymic apoptosis. Among these, glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is strongly upregulated in the thymus. We have previously demonstrated that GILZ decreases Bcl-xL expression, activates caspase-8 and caspase-3, and augments apoptosis in mice thymocytes.

Cell Growth Inhibition of Saponin XII from Miq. on Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells.

In previous studies, we isolated the known compound saponin XII from the roots of Miq. Here, we show that this compound reduced the number of acute myeloid leukemia OCI-AML3 cells as evaluated by a hemocytometer. Flow cytometry analyses demonstrated that the reported activity was associated with a significant increase of apoptosis and of cells in the G/G phase of the cell cycle, with a decrease of cells in the S and G/M phases.

Bioassay-Guided Isolation of Antiproliferative Compounds from (L.) Dumort.

(L.) Dumort (Asteraceae) -hexane extract displayed high cell proliferation inhibitory activity against acute myeloid leukaemia cells (OCI-AML3) and was therefore subjected to a bioassay-guided multistep separation procedure. Two thymol derivatives, namely 10-acetoxy-8,9-epoxythymol tiglate () and 10-acetoxy-9-chloro-8,9-dehydrothymol (), were isolated and identified by means of NMR spectroscopy.