Pitfalls in Photochemical and Photoelectrochemical Reduction of CO to Energy Products.

The photochemical and photoelectrochemical reduction of CO is a promising approach for converting carbon dioxide into valuable chemicals (materials) and fuels. A key issue is ensuring the accuracy of experimental results in CO reduction reactions (CO2RRs) because of potential sources of false positives. This paper reports the results of investigations on various factors that may contribute to erroneous attribution of reduced-carbon species, including degradation of carbon species contained in photocatalysts, residual contaminants from synthetic procedures, laboratory glassware, environmental exposure, and the operator.

Conservative management of preterm premature rupture of membranes < 30 weeks of gestational age: Effectiveness of clinical guidelines implementation strategies.

Objective: To compare obstetrical and neonatal outcomes in patients with p-PROM (preterm premature rupture of membranes) at less than 30 weeks of gestational age before and after the application of protocols developed on the basis of international guidelines and to identify local barriers and strategies for their implementation.

Study Design: Single and twin pregnancies with p-PROM < 30 weeks of gestation without signs of infection were retrospectively collected. The population was divided in two groups.