[Alcohol consumption and mortality among kaunas population aged 35-64 years from 1983 to 2002].

Aim: To evaluate time trends in alcohol consumption habits and alcohol-related mortality among Kaunas (Lithuania) population aged 35--64 years from 1983 to 2002.

Material And Methods: The WHO MONICA study was carried out in Kaunas from 1983 to 2002. Alcohol consumption habits were determined using the data of four surveys among random samples of population aged 35-64 years (overall 3292 men and 3548 women, the response rate 65.

[Prevalence of ischemic heart disease and mortality among kaunas population aged 35-64 years in the prospective study].

MONICA (MONItoring trends and determinants of CArdiovascular diseases) study was carried out in Kaunas in 1983-1993 in three random samples of population aged 35-64 (overall 2694 men and 2801 women). The prevalence of previous MI among men was higher than among women in the first and in the third surveys (2,2 and 1,1%, p <0,05 and 4,4 and 1,2%, p <0,001, respectively). The prevalence of angina pectoris among men and among women did not reveal statistically significant difference in all three surveys.

[Significance of risk factors in the prevalence of ischemic heart disease in men living in different climatic-geographic areas of Russia, the CIS countries and the Baltic states (a cooperative study)].

The paper deals with the contribution of risk factors to the spread of coronary heart disease (CHD) among males living in various cities and towns of Russia, CIS countries and Baltic states. The examination of random representative samples of male populations established that risk factors, such as age, arterial hypertension, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, dyslipoproteinemia, and smoking (p < 0.05), make a significant contribution to the spread of CHD, including acute CHD.

[Disorders of glucose tolerance and ischemic heart disease].

The incidence of impaired glucose tolerance, the relation of blood glucose levels to the prevalence of risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) and to myocardial infarction morbidity and mortality were studied over 15 years among males aged 45-59 years, excluding patients with diabetes mellitus. The data analysis was made in quintils of glucose levels. Impaired glucose tolerance was detected in 20.

[Effectiveness of the cooperative program of multifactorial prevention of ischemic heart disease (results of the 3-year study)].

The paper provides the results obtained in the course of the cooperative All-Union programme on multifactor prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD), which has been implemented over 3 years to examine the efficiency of preventive actions aimed at correcting the levels of CHD risk factors. The study was conducted in 6 centers of the country among a non-organized male population aged 40-59 years. The outcome of the preventive measures, largely nonpharmacological ones, made during 3 years suggests that the prevalence of the major CHD risk factors may be reduced in the population.

[Detection of ischemic heart disease in a survey of a male population 40-59 years of age (data of cooperative studies performed in Moscow, Kaunas, Kiev and Kharkov)].

The authors analyzed the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and its various types detected by routine epidemiological methods among the examinees in four cities (Moscow, Kaunas, Kiev, and Kharkov). The results were obtained in the collaboration study, adhering to the rigid standardization of all the procedures applied. Examination of 17, 168 males aged 40-59 years revealed signs of CHD in 13.

[Prevalence of risk factors and indicators of mortality among males 40-59 years of age with various forms of ischemic heart disease (data of a 5-year prospective study)].

A collaborative study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of multifactor prevention of myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke. A representative group of 5951 males aged 40-50 years was examined in Kaunas. Coronary heart disease (CHD) was detected in 11.

[Comparative evaluation of mortality and incidence of ischemic heart disease among participants and non-participants in a population study].

The groups of participants (5946 males) and nonparticipants (2626 males) in a population study, carried out in Kaunas, were compared on the basis of a 4.5-year follow-up, making use of the acute myocardial infarction register and the mortality register. The total mortality rate, as well as the rates of mortality due to cardiovascular diseases, traumas and accidents were higher in nonparticipants, as compared to the participants.

Mortality and morbidity indicators of acute myocardial infarction in participants and non-participants in population studies conducted in Moscow and Kaunas.

The results of a prospective study of participants and non-participants in population surveys conducted in Moscow and Kaunas are presented. The average follow-up period was 5.5 years.

[Intermittent claudication and risk factors among men 40 to 59 years of age based on the data of a prospective population study].

A study was made of the prevalence of intermittent claudication (IC) and risk factors among men aged 40 to 59 years and of the acute myocardial infarction lethality and incidence during ten years of the follow up. Using standard techniques a representative group of 6117 men were examined. The prevalence of IC amounted to 0.

[Approaches to the secondary prevention of arterial hypertension among the population (data from a cooperative study on the multifactorial prevention of ischemic heart disease)].

A cooperative study has reviewed the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) among 40- to 59-year-old male residents of three cities (Moscow, Minsk and Kaunas) and the possibility of organizing a long-term outpatient treatment of newly-detected AH cases as well as the efficiency of the latter. Of 16,703 individuals screened, AH was detected in 27.9%.

[Attitude of specialists in different occupational groups to their health].

A study was made of behavioral, psychological and somatic risk factors of development of coronary heart disease in 1311 specialists with higher education in 6 occupational groups within the framework of the cooperative program on multifactor prevention. There were no significant differences among groups with relation to smoking, physical activity and a balanced diet. Significant changes were established with relation to psychological stress and prevalence of cardiac diseases.

[Chief risk factors of ischemic heart disease and mortality of the middle-aged male population of Kaunas].

A prospective study, averaging 11 years, of a representative sample of 2455 male residents of Kaunas between 45 and 59 years of age has explored relationships between coronary risk factors and mortality due to coronary heart disease (CHD), cancer, injuries, as well as total mortality rates. An original analytical approach has been developed for the analysis of associations between individual risk factors and mortality that allows to exclude the effects of age and other examined factors. A marked relationship has been demonstrated between: coronary mortality and age, arterial blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose tolerance, smoking, body weight, the presence and clinical form of CHD; cancer-related mortality, and age or smoking; traumatic mortality and smoking; total mortality and age, arterial blood pressure, glucose tolerance, body weight, smoking, and the presence and type of CHD.

[Role of heredity in the prevalence of ischemic heart disease and its risk factors].

The relationship of heredity with CHD prevalence and the main risk factors (RF) was analyzed on the basis of the results of a primary cardiological screening of the male population aged 40 to 59 in Minsk and Kaunas (10012 persons). The results of the analysis were in favor of hereditary predisposition to CHD. The prevalence of CHD and the main RF in probands with aggravated heredity was much higher than that in probands with favorable heredity.

State of health of "non-respondents" in population studies of ischaemic heart disease in Moscow and Kaunas.

The authors analyse the results of medical examination of males aged 40-59 years in Moscow and Kaunas, divided into "respondents" and "non-respondents" in a population study of ischaemic heart disease. Among non-respondents, a higher incidence was found of such risk factors of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) as arterial hypertension, smoking, low physical activity and personality type A. On the other hand, hypercholesterolaemia was more frequent among respondents.

Participation of the male population in primary medical examination in Kaunas and Minsk. Data from the co-operative study of the effectiveness of multifactorial prevention of ischaemic heart disease.

The authors analyse factors complicating the recruitment of men aged 40-59 years for participation in primary medical examination in Kaunas and Minsk. In both cities, invitation for participation was if necessary repeated four times. In Kaunas, 8,590 men were invited and 5,964 (69.

[Psychological aspects of the measures for lowering the cholesterol level in a population study].

Psychologic personality features influenced the participation of male subjects, aged 40-59, from Kaunas, in preventive procedures aiming to control hypercholesterolemia within a many-factor prophylactic program against coronary heart disease (CHD). A negative attitude to the recommendation to give up smoking and change dietary habits and physical behavior, demonstrated prior to the first medical examination, was indicative of a tendency to abstain from preventive procedures. According to the first medical check-up data, the abstaining individuals showed signs of somatic discomfort and psychologic stress more frequently.

[Cooperative study on the multifactor prevention of ischemic heart disease and its development into an integral program for the prevention of noninfectious diseases].

The authors presented a preliminary analysis of the 5-year implementation of a cooperative trial of multifactor prophylaxis of CHD in Moscow and Kaunas. A stable decrease in the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) by 20-25% and smoking by 22%, a decrease in SAP and DAP mean levels and the number of smoked cigarettes as compared to initial levels were noted in the group of active prophylaxis (the 1st group). It caused the reduction of CHD death risk by 13.

[Attitude to health matters among middle-aged men in a program to prevent ischemic heart disease].

The authors studied the health-related attitudes (to prophylaxis, one's own health, physicians, bad habits) in men aged 40-59 years invited to participate in the programme of the multifactorial prophylaxis of myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke among the population. A total of 6803 men filled in a questionnaire consisting of 47 points mailed to them together with an invitation to take part in a screening examination. The results obtained showed that the elderly men responded favourably to the conduction of preventive procedures and to advice to change the smoking habits but less favourably toward recommendations to increase physical activity and change the diet.

[Incidence of ischemic heart disease among men aged 40-49 years not participating in the population study].

This investigation was carried out in the framework of a collaborative study on the multifactorial prophylaxis of coronary heart disease (CHD) among men aged 40-59 years living in Kaunas. The authors compared the findings from the medical examination of the group of subjects involved in this study (5943 males) and of 200 randomly selected men who were not involved in this study. It was elicited that those not involved in the study showed a greater predominance of CHD risk factors (arterial hypertension, smoking, underexercise and personality psychological type A) and a greater proportion of myocardial infarction survivers (3.

[Various characteristics of persons with behavior-related risk of ischemic heart disease].

In the framework of the programme on the multi-factorial prophylaxis of myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke in males aged 40-59 years, the authors studied the relationship between type A behaviour pattern as a risk factor for coronary heart disease and somatic and history indices. A study of 5698 men showed that group A was characterized by a greater percentage of subjects with elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels and with hypercoagulatory changes in the hemostatic system. Group A subjects more frequently complained of chest pain and had a larger proportion of relatives with cardiovascular disease.

[Multifactorial prophylaxis of ischemic heart disease (a cooperative study)].

The examination of 40-59 year-old males in Moscow, Kaunas, Minsk, Tashkent, Frunze in the framework of a cooperative study on multifactorial prophylaxis of coronary heart disease has shown that the disease and its risk factors such as arterial hypertension, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, excessive body weight and low physical activity are wide-spread among the male population of all the five cities, 75-83% of all the subjects examined thus being in need of preventive measures. Preventive measures against risk factors carried out in Moscow, Kaunas and Minsk already in the first 2 years have shown the possibility of reducing the incidence of arterial hypertension in the population (in Moscow by 7.8%, in Kaunas by 6.

The incidence of arterial hypertension in the male population aged 40-59 years in Moscow and Kaunas.

The authors examined 1480 Moscow and 1568 Kaunas male residents aged between 40 and 59 years. The incidence of arterial hypertension (AH) in Moscow and Kaunas amounted to 27.9 and 21.