Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacogenetic model for optimization of efavirenz therapy in Caucasian HIV-infected patients.

Despite extensive clinical experience with efavirenz (EFV), unpredictable interindividual variabilities in efficacy and toxicity remain important limitations associated with the use of this antiretroviral. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting EFV pharmacokinetics and to develop a pharmacokinetic/pharmacogenetic (PK/PG) model in a Caucasian population of HIV-infected patients. In total, 869 EFV plasma concentrations from 128 HIV-infected patients treated with EFV were quantitatively assessed using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography technique.

Glycemic control and perinatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by type 1 diabetes: influence of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and lispro insulin.

Aims: This study compared glycemic control and maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) treated with multiple daily injections (MDI) or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) using regular (RI) or lispro (LP) insulin.

Methods: Three hundred fifteen consecutive singleton pregnancies of T1DM women using the same insulin program since before pregnancy (196 MDI with NPH + RI, 16 MDI with NPH + LP, 44 CSII with RI, 59 CSII with LP) were studied. Variables of glycemic control assessed included glycated hemoglobin, mean blood glucose (MBG), and insulin doses in each trimester, diabetic ketoacidosis, and hypoglycemic comas.

Influence of the cytochrome P450 2B6 genotype on population pharmacokinetics of efavirenz in human immunodeficiency virus patients.

A population pharmacokinetic model for efavirenz has been developed from therapeutic drug monitoring data in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients by using a nonlinear mixed-effect model. The efavirenz plasma concentrations (n = 375) of 131 patients were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated according to a one-compartment model.