Breeding systems in the lichen-forming fungal genus Cladonia.

The breeding systems of three species of the lichen-forming fungal genus Cladonia were investigated. Cladonia floerkeana, Cladonia galindezii, and Cladonia portentosa were selected due to their contrasting ecologies and reproductive strategies, and because they belong to the Lecanorales, the major lichen-forming order. Sibling single-spore progeny were collected from apothecia and used to establish axenic cultures.

Genetic differentiation of the Aspergillus section Flavi complex using AFLP fingerprints.

Twenty-four isolates of Aspergillus sojae, A. parasiticus, A. oryzae and A.