Visually-Induced Motor Imagery Effects on Motor Adaptation to Reverse Steering Cycling. A Randomized Controlled Trial.

First, testing an intervention of neuromodulation based on motor imagery and action observation as a promoter of motor adaptation of a complex motor task involving balance. Second, determining what prior balance factors can affect the motor adaptation task. A double-blind randomized controlled trial was performed.

Regional accents modulate perspective in geographical space.

In this study, participants listened to first-person statements that mentioned a character who was approaching a geographical location close to (Tenerife, Canary Islands) or distant from the participant (Madrid, Spanish peninsula), pronounced with either the participants' local or a distal regional accent. Participants more often judged approaching statements as coherent when they refer to a close place pronounced with local accent or refer to a distant place with distal accent, rather than when they refer to a close place with distal accent or to a distant place with local accent. These results strongly suggest that the local accent induces listeners to keep their own geographical perspective, whereas the distal accent determines shifting to another's perspective.

Using Unsupervised Machine Learning to Identify Age- and Sex-Independent Severity Subgroups Among Patients with COVID-19: Observational Longitudinal Study.

Background: Early detection and intervention are the key factors for improving outcomes in patients with COVID-19.

Objective: The objective of this observational longitudinal study was to identify nonoverlapping severity subgroups (ie, clusters) among patients with COVID-19, based exclusively on clinical data and standard laboratory tests obtained during patient assessment in the emergency department.

Methods: We applied unsupervised machine learning to a data set of 853 patients with COVID-19 from the HM group of hospitals (HM Hospitales) in Madrid, Spain.

Prior cortical activity differences during an action observation plus motor imagery task related to motor adaptation performance of a coordinated multi-limb complex task.

Motor adaptation is the ability to develop new motor skills that makes performing a consolidated motor task under different psychophysical conditions possible. There exists a proven relationship between prior brain activity at rest and motor adaptation. However, the brain activity at rest is highly variable both between and within subjects.

Tremor severity in Parkinson's disease and cortical changes of areas controlling movement sequencing: A preliminary study.

There remains much to learn about the changes in cortical anatomy that are associated with tremor severity in Parkinson's disease (PD). For this reason, we used a combination of structural neuroimaging to measure cortical thickness and neurophysiological studies to analyze whether PD tremor was associated with cortex integrity. Magnetic resonance imaging and neurophysiological assessment were performed in 13 nondemented PD patients (9 women, 69.

A methodology for the characterization and diagnosis of cognitive impairments-Application to specific language impairment.

Objectives: The diagnosis of mental disorders is in most cases very difficult because of the high heterogeneity and overlap between associated cognitive impairments. Furthermore, early and individualized diagnosis is crucial. In this paper, we propose a methodology to support the individualized characterization and diagnosis of cognitive impairments.

Use of phytochemomics to evaluate the bioavailability and bioactivity of antioxidant peptides of soybean β-conglycinin.

This research investigates how in vitro digestion contributes to the release of antioxidant peptides crypted in soybean β-conglycinin (7S) and its deglycosylated form (D7S). It also investigates the uptake of the bioactive peptides by human intestinal Caco-2 cells using a bicameral system, and their effect on the antioxidant cell defense. Phytochemomics is used as a tool for achieving this goal.

Computational cognitive modeling for the diagnosis of Specific Language Impairment.

Specific Language Impairment (SLI), as many other cognitive deficits, is difficult to diagnose given its heterogeneous profile and its overlap with other impairments. Existing techniques are based on different criteria using behavioral variables on different tasks. In this paper we propose a methodology for the diagnosis of SLI that uses computational cognitive modeling in order to capture the internal mechanisms of the normal and impaired brain.

Stability and bioactivity of a Bowman-Birk inhibitor in orange juice during processing and storage.

The present research aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a soybean Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI) as a natural functional food ingredient. The influence of food processing, storage and digestion on the structure and bioactivity of BBI added to a food matrix was evaluated. The cytotoxic effect of the digested samples was also tested with the aim to provide information regarding the safe use of BBI as a functional food ingredient.

The comprehension of action-related sentences may cause interference rather than facilitation on matching actions.

This study used a dual-task paradigm to analyze the time course of motor resonance during the comprehension of action language. In the study, participants read sentences describing a transfer either away from ("I threw the tennis ball to my rival") or toward themselves ("My rival threw me the tennis ball"). When the transfer verb appeared on the screen, and after a variable stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), a visual motion cue (Experiment 1) or a static cue (Experiment 2) prompted participants to move their hand either away from or toward themselves to press a button.

Effect of inhibitor compounds on Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and Nε-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL) formation in model foods.

The possible adverse effects on health of diet-derived advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and advanced lipoxidation endproducts (ALEs) is of current interest. This study had the objective of determining the effects of the addition of AGE/ALE inhibitors and different types of sugar and cooking oil on Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and Nε-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL) formation in model foods (sponge cakes). The cake baked using glucose produced the highest level of CML (2.

Ion exchange chromatographic conditions for obtaining individual subunits of soybean beta-conglycinin.

Soybean beta-conglycinin is a complex protein possessing health-promoting properties. beta-Conglycinin is a trimeric glycoprotein. Little information related to methods for separation of the individual chains forming beta-conglycinin has been so far published and it is of great interest.

Semantic word priming in the absence of eye fixations: relative contributions of overt and covert attention.

In the present study, we investigated the role of covert and overt attention in word identification. In repetition and semantic priming paradigms, prime words were followed by a probe for lexical decision. To make the primes available only to covert attention, we presented them for 150 msec, parafoveally (2.

Protein quality, antigenicity, and antioxidant activity of soy-based foodstuffs.

Commercial soy-based foodstuffs, including beverages ( n = 15), cow's milk supplemented with soy isoflavones ( n = 1), snacks ( n = 1), and biscuits ( n = 2), were analyzed to find any link between alterations in protein quality, safety (antigenicity), functionality (antioxidant activity), and food processing. Protein content was analyzed by the Kjeldhal method and available lysine by OPA assay. Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) and electrophoretic (SDS-PAGE) protein profiles were obtained to monitor modifications in the structure of soy allergens.

Chemically controlled self-assembly of [2]pseudorotaxanes based on 1,2-bis(benzimidazolium)ethane cations and 24-crown-8 macrocycles.

Cations derived from 1,2-bis(benzimidazolium)ethane can penetrate the cavity of dibenzo-24-crown-8 macrocycles to produce a new family of [2]pseudorotaxanes. These supramolecular structures are held together by a series of charge-assisted hydrogen bonds (+)N-H[dot dot dot]O, ion-dipole and pi-stacking interactions. These new adducts were fully characterised by NMR spectroscopy, ESI mass spectrometry and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

Chromatographic and electrophoretic approaches for the analysis of protein quality of soy beverages.

Furosine, generated by acid hydrolysis of fructosyllysine, an early Maillard reaction product, is a highly valuable indicator of food quality and, more specifically, of food protein quality. Ion pair RP-HPLC and CZE techniques were employed to determine furosine content in beverages based on soymilk (n = 15) and cow's milk supplemented with soy isoflavones (n = 1). The levels of furosine found in the samples ranged from 25.

Strategic influence on the time course of predictive inferences in reading.

In the present study, we investigated how reading strategies affect the time course of online predictive inferences. Participants read sentences under instructions either to anticipate the outcomes of described events or to understand the sentences. These were followed by a target word to be named, with stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) of 500 or 1,000 msec (50- or 550-msec interstimulus interval, respectively).

Processing of threat-related information outside the focus of visual attention.

This study investigates whether threat-related words are especially likely to be perceived in unattended locations of the visual field. Threat-related, positive, and neutral words were presented at fixation as probes in a lexical decision task. The probe word was preceded by 2 simultaneous prime words (1 foveal, i.

Foveal vs. parafoveal attention-grabbing power of threat-related information.

We investigated whether threat words presented in attended (foveal) and in unattended (parafoveal) locations of the visual field are attention grabbing. Neutral (nonemotional) words were presented at fixation as probes in a lexical decision task. Each probe word was preceded by 2 simultaneous prime words (1 foveal, 1 parafoveal), either threatening or neutral, for 150 ms.

Preparation and structural characterization of three types of homo- and heterotrinuclear boron complexes: salen[[B-O-B][O2BOH]], salen[[B-O-B][O2BPh]], and salen[[B-O-B][O2P(O)Ph]].

Three types of homo- and heterotrinuclear boron complexes have been obtained in moderate to good yields from reactions of salen-type ligands with boric acid and combinations of boric acid with phenylboronic and phenylphosphonic acid. The products are air-stable and have relatively high melting points (>290 degrees C) but are poorly soluble or insoluble in common organic solvents. They have been characterized as far as possible by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, IR, (1)H, (11)B, and (31)P NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography.