Evaluating the Impact of a Shared Decision-making Intervention for Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma: The SDM-RCC Study Protocol.

The aim of the SDM-RCC study is to evaluate the impact of a comprehensive shared decision-making (SDM) intervention for patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) on the decision-making process and outcomes. The intervention includes online patient decision aids (PtDAs) and training of health care professionals (HCPs) in the use of PtDAs and SDM. The study is a multicenter, prospective pretest-posttest cohort in six Dutch hospitals, focusing on patients with localized or metastatic RCC.

Cost-Effectiveness of Quadrivalent Versus Trivalent Influenza Vaccination in the Dutch National Influenza Prevention Program.

Objectives: As of 2019, quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) has replaced trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) in the national immunization program in The Netherlands. Target groups are individuals of 60+ years of age and those with chronic diseases. The objective was to estimate the incremental break-even price of QIV over TIV at a threshold of €20 000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY).

Cost-Effectiveness of Pediatric Influenza Vaccination in The Netherlands.

Objective: This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of extending the Dutch influenza vaccination program for elderly and medical high-risk groups to include pediatric influenza vaccination, taking indirect protection into account.

Methods: An age-structured dynamic transmission model was used that was calibrated to influenza-associated GP visits over 4 seasons (2010-2011 to 2013-2014). The clinical and economic impact of different pediatric vaccination strategies were compared over 20 years, varying the targeted age range, the vaccine type for children or elderly and high-risk groups.

Consultations for Influenza-Like Illness in Primary Care in The Netherlands: A Regression Approach.

Objectives: To estimate the general practitioner (GP) consultation rate attributable to influenza in The Netherlands.

Methods: Regression analysis was performed on the weekly numbers of influenza-like illness (ILI) GP consultations and laboratory reports for influenza virus types A and B and 8 other pathogens over the period 2003-2014 (11 influenza seasons; week 40-20 of the following year).

Results: In an average influenza season, 27% and 11% of ILI GP consultations were attributed to infection by influenza virus types A and B, respectively.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of BCG Vaccination against Tuberculosis in Indonesia: A Model-Based Study.

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), the only available vaccine for tuberculosis (TB), has been applied for decades. The Indonesian government recently introduced a national TB disease control programme that includes several action plans, notably enhanced vaccination coverage, which can be strengthened through underpinning its favourable cost-effectiveness. We designed a Markov model to assess the cost-effectiveness of Indonesia's current BCG vaccination programme.

Antibiotics in primary care in England: which antibiotics are prescribed and for which conditions?

Objectives: To analyse antibiotic prescribing behaviour in English primary care with particular regard to which antibiotics are prescribed and for which conditions.

Methods: Primary care data from 2013-15 recorded in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database were analysed. Records with a prescription for systemic antibiotics were extracted and linked to co-occurring diagnostic codes, which were used to attribute prescriptions to clinical conditions.

Defining the appropriateness and inappropriateness of antibiotic prescribing in primary care.

Objectives: To assess the appropriateness of prescribing systemic antibiotics for different clinical conditions in primary care, and to quantify 'ideal' antibiotic prescribing proportions in conditions for which antibiotic treatment is sometimes but not always indicated.

Methods: Prescribing guidelines were consulted to define the appropriateness of antibiotic therapy for the conditions that resulted in antibiotic prescriptions between 2013 and 2015 in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) primary care database. The opinions of subject experts were then formally elicited to quantify ideal antibiotic prescribing proportions for 10 common conditions.

Actual versus 'ideal' antibiotic prescribing for common conditions in English primary care.

Objectives: Previous work based on guidelines and expert opinion identified 'ideal' prescribing proportions-the overall proportion of consultations that should result in an antibiotic prescription-for common infectious conditions. Here, actual condition-specific prescribing proportions in primary care in England were compared with ideal prescribing proportions identified by experts.

Methods: All recorded consultations for common infectious conditions (cough, bronchitis, exacerbations of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sore throat, rhinosinusitis, otitis media, lower respiratory tract infection, upper respiratory tract infection, influenza-like illness, urinary tract infection, impetigo, acne, gastroenteritis) for 2013-15 were extracted from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database.

Explaining variation in antibiotic prescribing between general practices in the UK.

Objectives: Primary care practices in England differ in antibiotic prescribing rates, and, anecdotally, prescribers justify high prescribing rates based on their individual case mix. The aim of this paper was to explore to what extent factors such as patient comorbidities explain this variation in antibiotic prescribing.

Methods: Primary care consultation and prescribing data recorded in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database in 2013 were used.

Potential for reducing inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in English primary care.

Objectives: To identify and quantify inappropriate systemic antibiotic prescribing in primary care in England, and ultimately to determine the potential for reduction in prescribing of antibiotics.

Methods: Primary care data from 2013-15 recorded in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database were used. Potentially inappropriate prescribing events in the database were identified by: (i) comparing prescribing events against treatment guidelines; (ii) comparing actual proportions of consultations resulting in prescription for a set of conditions with the ideal proportions derived from expert opinion; and (iii) identifying high prescribers and their number of prescriptions above an age- and body-system-specific benchmark.

Understanding the gender gap in antibiotic prescribing: a cross-sectional analysis of English primary care.

Objectives: To explore the causes of the gender gap in antibiotic prescribing, and to determine whether women are more likely than men to receive an antibiotic prescription per consultation.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis of routinely collected electronic medical records from The Health Improvement Network (THIN).

Setting: English primary care.

A systematic review of the health economic consequences of quadrivalent influenza vaccination.

Quadrivalent influenza vaccines (QIVs) contain antigens derived from an additional influenza type B virus as compared with currently used trivalent influenza vaccines (TIVs). This should overcome a potential reduced vaccine protection due to mismatches between TIV and circulating B viruses. In this study, we systematically reviewed the available literature on health economic evaluations of switching from TIV to QIV.

Cost-Utility Analysis of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Cervical Screening on Cervical Cancer Patient in Indonesia.

Background: Although cervical cancer is a preventable disease, the clinical and economic burdens of cervical cancer are still substantial issues in Indonesia.

Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to model the costs, clinical benefits, and cost-utility of both visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) screening alone and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in addition to VIA screening in Indonesia.

Methods: We developed a population-based Markov model, consisting of three health states (susceptible, cervical cancer, and death), to assess future costs, health effects, and the cost-utility of cervical cancer prevention strategies in Indonesia.