[Brain microstructural abnormalities assessed by diffusion kurtosis MRI in patients with focal temporal lobe epilepsy].

Objective: To study microstructural abnormalities in epileptogenic focus and in mirror region by diffusion kurtosis (DK) MRI in patients with focal temporal lobe epilepsy.

Material And Methods: The main group included 12 patients (mean age 35 [30.5; 39.

[Possibilities of dynamic phase contrast MRI of cerebrospinal fluid for performing a tap test in a patient with idiopathic normotensive hydrocephalus].

Idiopathic normotensive hydrocephalus (iNH) is a widespread disease in elderly patients. The effectiveness of iNG treatment and the subsequent quality of patients' lives directly depends on timely and early diagnosis. The criteria for diagnosing iNG that are used in neuroimaging can also be found in patients without clinical manifestations of this disease, and the widely used tap-test is an invasive technique with a rather low sensitivity.

[New neuroimaging methods in assessing the activity of neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis].

The review presents current data on the use of positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography in multiple sclerosis (MS) to assess the activity of the pathological process, including neuroinflammation, demyelination, activation of microglia, neurodegeneration and local blood flow disorders. These methodologies are a new approach for studying the mechanisms of action and evaluating the clinical effect of disease modifying therapy of MS, especially those capable of penetrating into brain tissue. Among them, the most attention is attracted by cladribine tablets acting on the mechanism of immune reconstitution therapy, most likely with the modulation of immune reactions directly in the brain tissue.

First experience of thalamotomy by focused ultrasound under MR-guided navigation in the treatment of tremor. Neuroimaging follow-up. Case report and literature review.

The authors describe dynamic MRI and clinical data after non-invasive treatment of tremor in the upper extremity. Thalamotomy by high-intensity focused ultrasound under MR-guided navigation was performed. A 57-year-old patient with Parkinson's disease underwent treatment with focused ultrasound.

Cytochemical Evaluation of the Toxic Effects of Combined Antituberculosis Substances on Metabolic State of Blood Lymphocytes.

Combined antituberculosis substances induced a dose-dependent changes in activity of dehydrogenases and hydrolases in rat lymphocytes. The main toxic effect of the substances was related to inhibition of mitochondrial dehydrogenases (succinate dehydrogenase and α-glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase) usually followed by suppression of activity of hydrolytic enzymes (acid phosphatase and non-specific esterase). Opposite changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity reflected specific features of intoxication.

[Diagnostic utility of positronic emission tomography in recurrences of prostate cancer].

An analysis of national and foreign literature dedicated to recurrence of prostate cancer, is presented in the article. The diagnostic utility of positronic emission tomography, fused with computer tomography and magnetic resonance tomography in case of biochemical recurrences of prostate cancer is discussed.

[Capabilities of 18F-FET PET/CT in a patient with brain glioma (a case report and literature review)].

Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) enables assessment of not only anatomical and structural but also metabolic changes in tumor mass. F-fluoroethyl tyrosine (F-FET) PET/CT is based on evaluation of transport of F-labeled tyrosine in tissues. We present a clinical case of a patient with a newly diagnosed brain tumor, demonstrating the capabilities of F-FET PET/CT in assessing the reliable volume and degree of tumor anaplasia, which is important when choosing the treatment approach for a patient.

Work-up and management of a high-risk patient with primary central nervous system lymphoma.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare disorder that, in 95% of cases, represents diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. As such, making an accurate diagnosis is important. At present, stereotactic-guided biopsy is a recognized method of choice for tissue analysis.

Perfusion CT and PET with 18F-FDG and 18F-FCh in the complex diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: The purpose of the study to evaluate possibilities of CT-perfusion and PET methods with 18F-FDG and 18F-fluorocholine in the complex diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. The study included the results of PET/CT with 18F-FDG, 18F-FCh and CT-perfusion of the liver in 18 patients with histologically confirmed diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Depending on the degree of tumor differentiation, all patients were divided into 3 groups - patients with highly differentiated (6 patients), moderately differentiated (4 patients), and low-differentiated HCC (8 patients).

Use of CT perfusion to discriminate between brain metastases from different primaries.

Thirty-six metastases in 22 patients were studied prospectively using computed tomography perfusion. Regions of interests were drawn around: the enhancing part of the tumor, necrotic central part, periphery, peritumoral edema, and normal white matter. Cerebral blood volume, cerebral blood flow, and mean transit time were calculated for each zone.

[Experimental models of lysosomal phase reactivity in blood leukocytes exposed to low doses of potassium cyanide].

Cytochemical analysis of acid phosphatase was used to evaluate lysosomal membranes stability under oral intake of potassium cyanide by rats over one month in daily doses of 1.30 mg/kg (1/10 LD50) and 0.65 mg/kg (1/20 LD50).

[Influence of vibration-induced stress on functional-metabolic status of blood leukocytes].

The chronic stress in albino rats caused by exposure to the whole-body vibration induced the significant changes in the functional-metabolic status of the blood cells. It involved the phagocytosis level and the lysosomal cationic proteins in the neutrophils, oxidative and hydrolytic processes in the neutrophils and lymphocytes. All the determined intracellular parameters revealed the differentiated response to stress as well as to the additive combined administration of the antioxidants (glycine and alpha-tocopherol acetate).

[Morpho-functional analysis of blood leukocytes after isoniazid administration].

The functional-metabolic response peculiarities of the rat blood cells to isoniazid (one of the main antituberculosis medications) were studied. Isoniazid or its complex with pyridoxine were administrated orally for 3 months in therapeutic (5 mg/kg) and the toxic (100 mg/kg) doses (based on isoniazid). Isoniazid in toxic dose was found to inhibit the phagocytosis and the myeloperoxidase activity in neutrophils, the hydrolase activity in neutrophils and lymphocytes, but, at the same time, it activated dehydrogenase activity in lymphocytes.

[Functional-metabolic estimation of responsiveness of blood cells in exposure to local vibration].

The physiological features of the blood cells have been studied in the workers, exposed to a long-term local vibration. The summary peroxidase activity of the blood cells, the levels of the phagocytic response as well as of the alkaline and acid phosphatases in the neutrophiles, the glycogen content in the neutrophiles and lymphocytes have been evaluated. The alterations associated with the decrease in the functional-metabolic parameters in dependence on the contact duration with the vibration-induced tools and on the severity of the clinical symptomatics have been revealed.

[Application of SPECT/CT in neurosurgical practice].

The paper presents the experience of application of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and CT in neurosurgery. Combination of these two techniques in the single system provides higher precision of both methods. The novel technique allows assessment of tumor spread in the brain, differential diagnosis of tumor regrowth and radiation-induced necrosis, evaluation of cerebral perfusion in epilepsy, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and diagnostics of secondary CNS lesions.

[Stereotactic radiotherapy for cerebral metastases using CyberKnife].

During recent decade development of frameless techniques of fixation enabled introduction of stereotactic radiation therapy in metastatic brain lesions and made possible irradiation of large foci involving or proximal to eloquent and critical brain areas. This paper focuses on comparative analysis of effectiveness of hypofractionation (HRST) and radiosurgery (SRS) using CyberKnife system in cerebral metastases. Since November 2009 till June 2011 54 patients with cerebral metastases were treated using CyberKnife system.

[Application of "Gamma-knife" radiosurgery in treatment of intracranial metastases of extracranial malignant tumors].

Treatment of intracerebral metastases is one of the key problems in neurooncology. Modern methods of combined treatment do not significantly affect terms of survival. Quality of life during the whole period of treatment depends on selected tactics.

[Hygienic standardization of fluogermanate in the air of a working area].

The paper presents the data on the impact of the most possible concentrations of fluogermanate (GeF4) in the air of a working area with a pencil-beam irritant acting the respiratory organs and those obtained from chronic experiments. The most possible concentration is 0.2 mg/m3 (Class II hazard).

[Activity of enzymes in peripheral lymphocytes in simulated allergic disease caused by combined effects of chemical and biologic occupational factors].

Peripheral lymphocytes reaction--lower succinate dehydrogenase activity, nonspecific esterase activity and stimulated lactate dehydrogenase--after combined biologic and chemical influence suggests progressive allergic process, depends on severity of antigen load and is not detected for separate factors influence.

Hydrolase and oxidoreductase activities in peripheral blood lymphocytes in combined exposure to biological allergens and sulfur dioxide.

Differences in the metabolic status of peripheral blood lymphocytes were observed after exposure of intact guinea pigs and animals sensitized with biological allergens to sulfur dioxide. When sensitization was complicated by chemical exposure, enzyme activities in lymphocytes depended on the type of allergen and degree of hypersensitivity.

[Influence of low concentration of sulphuric anhydride on metabolic status of peripheral blood lymphocytes in guinea pigs sensibilised with a biological allergen].

The influence of sulphuric anhydride (2-4 mg/m3) on the metabolic status of peripheral blood lymphocytes of sensibilised guinea pigs with different sequence of biological (allergenic) and chemical exposure has been studied. The metabolic state was evaluated by histochemical assay of succinate and lactate dehydrogenases and acid phosphatase. The changes in activities of dehydrogenases were found to indicate a definite relationship with specific responses of combined effects of different factors.