[Russian consensus on current issues in the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive jaundice syndrome].

The Russian consensus document on topical issues of the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive jaundice syndrome was prepared by a group of experts in various fields of surgery, endoscopy, interventional radiology, radiological diagnosis and intensive care. The goal of this document is to clarify and consolidate the opinions of national experts on the following issues: timing of diagnosis of obstructive jaundice, features of diagnostic measures, the need and possibility of conservative measures for obstructive jaundice, and strategy of biliary decompression depending on the cause and level of biliary block.

[Use of 'Korona' cava filter in oncological patients].

Using the 'Korona' cava filter in a total of 1345 oncological patients revealed regularity of a change in the shape of the inferior vena cava at the level of implantation. This made it feasible to determine one of the causes of long-term complications following implantation of other models of cava filters. The absence of clinically significant complications in the remote period after using this model of cava filter made it possible to implant it for a longer period, which is of special importance in oncological patients.

Case Report: Education and training of RTTs for radiation oncology departments in Russia.

Modern radiotherapy is performed with sophisticated equipment that requires highly qualified professionals. In the Russian Federation the responsibilities of Radiation Therapy Technologists (RTTs) are carried out by medical nurses who receive on-the-job training. The article discusses the problems of RTT education and training, describes our own teaching experience and suggests further development for the national RTT education system in Russia.

Perfusion CT and PET with 18F-FDG and 18F-FCh in the complex diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: The purpose of the study to evaluate possibilities of CT-perfusion and PET methods with 18F-FDG and 18F-fluorocholine in the complex diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. The study included the results of PET/CT with 18F-FDG, 18F-FCh and CT-perfusion of the liver in 18 patients with histologically confirmed diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Depending on the degree of tumor differentiation, all patients were divided into 3 groups - patients with highly differentiated (6 patients), moderately differentiated (4 patients), and low-differentiated HCC (8 patients).

[NEW DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF BREAST CANCER SCREENING].

Objective: to improve breast cancer diagnosis using an independent mammographic teleassessment by two radiologists. Material and methods. The results of a dual independent assessment of 3440 X-ray mammographic examinations were analyzed.

[New minimally invasive methods for internal bile outflow in oncology].

A few novel minimally invasive techniques are described for catheter-free repair of internal bile outflow in patients with neoplasms in the biliopancreatoduodenal region complicated by mechanical jaundice and in cases of iatrogenic complications of surgical treatment. The methods based on a combination of modern interventional radiologic and endoscopic technologies allow to improve the outcome of antineoplastic treatment and the quality of life in certain categories of patients. The introduction of these techniques into clinical practice of specialized medical facilities may help to optimize the treatment strategy, reduce the volume of surgery whenever it can be confined to minimally invasive treatment, decrease the employment index, increase the surgical bed turnover rate and other economic characteristics of a surgical clinic.

Magnetic compression biliary-enteric anastomosis for palliation of obstructive jaundice: initial clinical results.

Purpose: To report initial clinical experience with a nonsurgical method for sutureless biliary-enteric anastomosis with use of two magnetic elements that potentially overcomes the disadvantages of other palliative methods.

Materials And Methods: The technique involves percutaneous transhepatic insertion of one magnet into the bile duct under fluoroscopic guidance and insertion of a second magnet endoscopically into the duodenum. The adherence of the two magnets creates ischemic necrosis of bile duct and duodenal walls.

[High technologies in radiodiagnostics: possibilities and prospects].

Diagnostic radiology includes several basic techniques such as conventional radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, radionuclide study, ultrasonography, and positron emission tomography as the most important methods. Radiological screening procedures or preclinical diagnostic techniques, as well as interventional radiological procedures, are being used more and more widely in clinical medicine. The integration and combination of different technologies, the introduction of digital diagnostic technologies, and the creation of radiological information systems on their basis are important factors increasing diagnostic efficiency.

[Radiation diagnosis of malignant neoplasms at the current stage].

The paper presents all currently available oncological radiation diagnostic tools as compared to the well-known ones. It discusses different methods of obtaining images depending on their physical features: digital plain radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, bone scintigraphy, positron emission tomography, radioimmunoassay, ultrasonography (by using Doppler, intraoperative ultrasound, laparoscopy and thoracoscopy ultrasound, endoscopy ultrasound, contrast-medium ultrasound). The feasibilities of interventional radiology in malignancies are more precisely defined.

[Ways of improving results of gastro-pancreatoduodenal resection in tumors of the bilio-pancreatoduodenal area].

The results of treatment of 86 patients who had been subjected to gastro-pancreatoduodenal resection in the period from 1975 to 1992 were studied. The patients were divided into two groups. The main cause of postoperative mortality in the first group was the development of pancreonecrosis and incompetence of the pancreatico-enteral anastomosis.

[Percutaneous transhepatic x-ray endobiliary interventions in the complex diagnosis of cancer of the hepatopancreatoduodenal area complicated by mechanical jaundice].

58 patients with hepatopancreatoduodenal cancer complicated by mechanical jaundice underwent complex examination including X-ray computed tomography, angiography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, percutaneous transhepatic roentgenoendobiliary procedures and puncture biopsy. The diagnostic value of each procedure was assessed, implementation of 6 conventional diagnostic tasks serving as a criterion. The procedure suggested allows to individualize diagnostic work-up to assure maximum reliability.

[Rare tumors and nontumorous lesions of the neck (angiographic and computed tomographic studies)].

The authors analyze the findings of carotid arteriography and X-ray computer-aided tomography in rare tumorous and pseudotumorous involvement of the blood and lymph systems of the neck, namely, in hemangiomas, lymphangiomas, angiofollicular lymphomas, angioleiomyoma, carotid artery aneurysm. Specific features of roentgenosemeiotics and problems of a differential diagnosis are discussed.

[Evaluation of the effectiveness of preoperative polychemotherapy of nephroblastomas in children by angiography, ultrasonic tomography and computed tomography].

The results of preoperative polychemotherapy of nephroblastoma in 14 children are presented. Ultrasonic tomography, computed tomography and angiography were performed in all the patients before and after medication. The findings on the efficacy of polychemotherapy were assessed on the basis of surgical evidence and, in particular, resected material examination.