Open Reduction and Internal Fixation with Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 for Correction of Nonunion Humeral Shaft Fracture with Pseudoarthrosis in the Geriatric Population: A Case Report.

Introduction: Bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) is a potent growth factor cytokine, with indications for interbody spinal fusion surgery and open tibial shaft repairs due to its osteoinductive properties. Off-label usage of BMP-2 has been documented; however, there are limited studies regarding the efficacy of using BMP-2 in non-union humeral shaft fractures.

Case Report: We present a case of a comminuted left humeral shaft fracture with pseudoarthrosis in a 64-year-old woman.

Bilateral Upper-Extremity Acute Exertional Compartment Syndrome: A Case Report.

Introduction: Acute exertional compartment syndrome (AECS) is a condition with the potential for devastating outcomes if not promptly treated. Physicians must maintain a high index of suspicion when evaluating patients presenting with pain, swelling, decreased range of motion, and numbness within a muscle compartment. However, AECS is frequently misdiagnosed due to a multitude of factors, leading to a delay in treatment.

Educational video for training specialists in clinical laboratory diagnostics.

The adaptation of educational programs under restrictions during the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic and after it is based not only on the widespread use of video lectures, but also on the introduction of a number of new educational technologies. Hybrid learning will become the cornerstone of future educational technologies in clinical laboratory diagnostics and will contribute to the creation of virtual practical classes with examples of analysis of laboratory testing results based on case histories (Case Technologies). The key aspect in the implementation of video cases into the educational process is the development of video materials.

Specific features of T- and NK-cellular immunity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Profound immunological dysfunction is the key factor determining the development of infectious complications in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The aim of this work is to assess the features of the subpopulation composition of T-lymphocytes (T-helpers (Th), cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (Tcyt), T regulatory cells (Treg), T-NK cells, naive Th, Th-memory, activated T-lymphocytes, TCRγδ cells) and NK cells in peripheral blood of patients with newly diagnosed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and receiving ibrutinib therapy. Hematological and immunophenotypic studies have been performed in 30 patients with previously untreated CLL, 122 patients on ibrutinib therapy and 20 healthy donors.

[The diagnostic screening of acute leukemia using new technologies of automated blood analysis.].

The leukemia is a neoplastic clonal disease of hematopoietic system with primary affection of bone marrow. The modern technologies of automated blood analysis permit to implement a quick primary screening of pathological samples of blood suspicious for presence of blast cells. The application of various analysis techniques (optical, cytochemical, immune phenotypical) with the purpose of detecting blast cells demonstrates their different distribution at the graphics.

[Glycemic variability and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus during combined glucose-lowering therapy].

Aim: To evaluate the impact of intensified glucose-lowering therapy on carbohydrate metabolic indicator, such as glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose level (BGL) (FBGL), postprandial BGL (PBGL), and glycemic variability (GV) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) during metformin monotherapy before and 3 months after therapy intensification.

Subjects And Methods: The investigation enrolled 51 patients with T2DM treated with metformin 1000 mg twice daily, who failed to achieve satisfactory glycemic control. During randomization, the treatment was intensified by addition of sitagliptin 100 mg/day in Group 1 (n=25) or gliclazide MB 60 mg/day in Group 2 (n=26).

[THE METHODICAL APPROACHES TO DIAGNOSTIC OF NIGHT PAROXYSMAL HEMOGLOBINURIA].

The article presents diagnostic of night paroxysmal hemoglobinuria. The night paroxysmal hemoglobinuria is an orphan disease characterized by absence of GPI-anchor on blood cells as a result of mutation of PIG-A gene on the short arm of X-chromosome. The particular proteins bounded with GPI-anchor implement function of defense from activation of components of complement and development of membrane-attacking complex.

[Electronic textbooks and libraries abroad].

Electronic textbooks and libraries abroad. - The current article presents a brief analysis of the modern state and perspectives of electronic textbooks and libraries abroad. The material is based on the open access foreign internet sources.

Apoptosis-mediated endothelial toxicity but not direct calcification or functional changes in anti-calcification proteins defines pathogenic effects of calcium phosphate bions.

Calcium phosphate bions (CPB) are biomimetic mineralo-organic nanoparticles which represent a physiological mechanism regulating the function, transport and disposal of calcium and phosphorus in the human body. We hypothesised that CPB may be pathogenic entities and even a cause of cardiovascular calcification. Here we revealed that CPB isolated from calcified atherosclerotic plaques and artificially synthesised CPB are morphologically and chemically indistinguishable entities.

[THE CONTENT OF ELECTROLYTES IN DIFFERENT BIOLOGICAL MEDIUMS UNDER ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME].

The sampling of study included 172 patients with ischemic heart disease: 146 with acute coronary syndrome, including myocardial infarction (88 patients) and unstable stenocardia (58 patients); 26 patients with stable stenocardia functional class II-III. At the 1-3 day of hospitalization blood was taken of cubital vein. The mixed unstimulated saliva was selected.

The hematopoietic stem cell number in the peripheral blood of pediatric recipients correlates with the outcome after living donor liver transplantation.

It has been proposed that circulating HSCs play a role in graft survival after liver transplantation. The aim was to analyze the relationship between the number of HSCs before and after LDLT and liver function, immune biomarkers, and clinical outcomes in pediatric patients. We studied 15 pairs of adult healthy liver donors and pediatric recipients with ESLD.

[The prognostic value of evaluation of minimal residual disease using technique of flow cytofluorometry during application of therapy of chronic lymphatic leukemia].

The achievement of molecular remission is associated with increasing of survival of patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia. The important direction of research is seeking of parameters applicable to forecast of response to therapy. The purpose of the study was evaluating prognostic significance of indicator of minimal residual disease detected by technique of flow cytofluorometry of peripheral blood of patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia during therapy application.

[The comparative characteristic of the microflora species composition in the tympanic cavity, nasal mucous membrane and external ear mucosa in the course of experimental suppurative staphylococcal otitis].

The objective of the present work was to study the species composition of microflora in the suppurative exudate from the tympanic cavity in the course of development of experimental suppurative staphylococcal otitis and to identify the initial sites of migration of secondary pathogens. The experiments were carried out on 20 adult rabbits showing no signs of "spontaneous" otitis. Experimental staphylococcal suppurative otitis was induced in 17 of these animals.

[Dynamic changes in the microbial contamination of the exudate and the mucous membrane from the tympanic cavity in the course of experimental staphylococcal otitis media].

The objective of the present study was to determine the relationships between characteristics of the microbial contamination of the pyogenic exudate and the mucous membrane from the tympanic cavity in the course of experimental suppurative otitis media caused by staphylococcal infection. The experiments were carried out on 29 rabbits showing no signs of "spontaneous" otitis. Experimental staphylococcal suppurative otitis was induced in 26 of these animals.

[The state of the regenerative activity of the tympanic membrane tissues and the results of myringoplasty at different time points of remission of experimental otitis media].

The objective of the present study was to estimate the regenerative potential of the tympanic membrane tissues in the early period of remission after experimental otitis media and evaluate the results of myringoplasty. The experiments were carried out using 23 outbred dogs exhibiting no signs of "spontaneous otitis". Experimental otitis media was induced in 20 animals using a Staphylococcus aureus strain as the pathogenic organism.

[The evaluation of prognostic value of biomarkers in patients with chronic cardiac insufficiency].

Nowadays, the laboratory markers of myocardial dysfunction (cerebral natriuretic peptide - NT-proBNP); instability of atherosclerotic plaque (highly sensitive C-reactive protein - hsCRP); damages of cardiac muscle (highly sensitive cardiac tropine I - hs-cTnl) play a key role in diagnostic, course prognostics and verification of risk of unfavorable outcomes in patients with chronic cardiac insufficiency. The article presents the results of study of dynamics of levels of NT-proBNP, hsCRP, hs-cTnl in 71 patients with chronic cardiac insufficiency of II and III functional class (according classification of New-York association of cardiologists - NYHA). The comparison was made concerning analyzed laboratory markers with fraction of output of left ventricle of heart and index of body mass relatively to their prognostic role inpatients with chronic cardiac insufficiency with different clinical conditions and various outcomes of disease.

[The certification and accreditation of clinical diagnostic laboratory].

Two approaches are considered concerning evaluation of quality of functioning of clinical diagnostic laboratory--certification and accreditation. The comparison and juxtaposition of these two approaches is made. The practical importance and applicability of requirements of standards of GOSTK ISO 9001-2008 and GOSTR ISO 15189-2009 is demonstrated.

[The acoustic indicator of saliva under stress].

The situation of stress affects various organs and systems that results in development of functional disorders and/or somatic diseases. As a result, different noninvasive, including salivary, techniques of diagnostic of stress conditions are in the process of development. The dynamics of acoustic indicator of saliva is studied during the period of passing the exams.

[The dynamics and prognostic value of cerebral natriuretic peptide and C-reactive protein under acute cardiac infarction depending on tactic of treatment].

The sampling consisted of 102 patients with acute cardiac infarction with ST elevation up to 6 hours from the onset of disease. The subjects were divided into three groups: group I with primary stent procedure, group II with deferred stent procedure during 24 hours after effective thrombolytic therapy and group III with isolated effective thrombolytic therapy. The Doppler-echocardiography was applied to all patients.

[Dynamics of laboratory markers of endothelial dysfunction during treatment of unstable angina].

This study was aimed to assess the diagnostic value of laboratory markers of endothelial lesions in patients with unstable angina (UA). Plasma levels of CRP, homocysteine, endothelin-1 (ET1), and pregnancy-associated plasma protein (pAPP-A) were measured by an ultrasensitive method in 51 patients. They were followed up for 4 months to evaluate the clinical picture of CHD and dynamics of laboratory parameters.

[The characteristics of evaluation of expression of ZAP-70 in tumor cells under b-cell chronic lymphatic leukemia using the flow cytofluorometry technique].

The b-cell chronic lymphatic leukemia is the most common among all lymphatic proliferative diseases and is characterized by significant variability of its clinical course. The mutation status of genes of variable region of heavy chains of immunoglobulins (IgVH) is the most reliable prognostic factor forecasting time until beginning of treatment in case of b-cell chronic lymphatic leukemia. However its detection nowadays is inaccessible for routine diagnostics.

[The reference values of indicators of total blood analysis of adult working population].

The application in laboratory diagnostics of the hematologic analyzers of different class functioning on the basis of various methods of calculation and identification of blood cells condition the need of establishing the reference intervals for the blood picture parameters. In the documents GOSTK 53002-2008, S28-A3 (CLSI) of 2008 the regulations are proposed to establish the reference intervals with detailed description of data statistical analysis. The processing of blood pictures of 1453 healthy patients the reference intervals were established for the indicators of clinical blood analysis.

[Effect of body mass reduction on the level of adiponectin in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are known to have hypoadiponectinemia partially compensated by switching to low-caloric diet. Reduction of the body mass results in the proportional increase of the adiponectin level and decreased severity of insulin resistance.

[Characteristics of microbiocenosis of gingival pocket in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis].

As a result of examination of 56 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) of a moderate severity and a severe form of the disease, microflora from gingival pocket in patients which severe form of CGP was established to have higher specific weight in index of dissemination of strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogencs, Enterococcus, Corynebacterium spp., anaerobic bacteria. Strains from patients with a severe form of CGP were characterized by a higher level of expression of the factors of pathogenicity and persistence.