Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Contributes to Oral Cancer Pain via Regulating Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in the Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus Caudalis.

Background: Oral cancer causes intense pain at the primary site, and such pain can impair oral functions. However, the underlying mechanisms for oral cancer pain are still not fully understood. In the present study, it is investigated whether programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is involved in the development of oral cancer pain.

Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Primary Lung Cancer and Metastases: A Case-Based Discussion on Challenging Cases.

Purpose: Data informing the safety, efficacy, treatment logistics, and dosimetry of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for lung tumors has primarily been derived from patients with favorably located solitary tumors. SBRT is now considered a standard-of-care treatment for inoperable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer and lung metastases, and therefore extrapolation beyond this limited foundational patient population remains an active source of interest.

Methods And Materials: This case-based discussion provides a practical framework for delivering SBRT to challenging, yet frequently encountered, cases in radiation oncology.

The protists of Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur.

Haeckel's 'art book', Kunstformen der Natur, is likely familiar to most protistologists as it is probably Haeckel's best known work, and it prominently featured protists. No doubt many of us have used some of the images from it in our lectures. Most familiar are perhaps the often-reproduced images of nassularian radiolaria, but plates were also devoted to phaeodarians, acantharia, foraminifera, ciliates, diatoms, dinoflagellates and desmids.

Investigate potential clinical benefits and linear energy transfer sparing utilizing proton arc therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose: To investigate the potential clinical benefits and dose-averaged Linear Energy Transfer (LET) sparing, utilizing proton arc plan for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients in comparison with Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy (IMPT).

Methods: Ten HCC patients have been retrospectively selected. Two planning groups were created: Proton Arc plans using Monaco ver.

Facilitating remote and virtual access provision by European research infrastructures - requirements, issues, and recommendations.

Research Infrastructures (RIs) are strategic assets facilitating innovation and knowledge advancement across all scientific disciplines. They provide researchers with advanced tools and resources that go beyond individual or institutional capacities and promote collaboration, community-building and the application of scientific standards. Remote and virtual access to RIs enables scientists to use these essential resources without the necessity of being physically present.

Life history traits and cancer prevalence in birds.

Background And Objectives: Cancer is a disease that affects nearly all multicellular life, including the broad and diverse taxa of Aves. While little is known about the factors that contribute to cancer risk across Aves, life history trade-offs may explain some of this variability in cancer prevalence. We predict birds with high investment in reproduction may have a higher likelihood of developing cancer.

Correction: Virtual screening, identification and validation of small molecule GDP-mannose dehydrogenase inhibitors.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D3CB00126A.].

HLA-DQA1*05 Allele Carriage and Anti-TNF Therapy Persistence in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Introduction: Carriage of the HLA-DQA1*05 allele is associated with development of antidrug antibodies (ADAs) to antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy in patients with Crohn's disease. However, ADA is not uniformly associated with treatment failure. We aimed to determine the impact of carriage of HLA-DQA1*05 allele on outcome of biologic therapy evaluated by drug persistence.

Isolated Osseous Excision in the Adult Carpus: A Narrative Review.

Various pathologies of the adult carpus result in clinical scenarios where excision can be considered and even recommended. In the appropriate patient population, isolated carpal excision can alleviate pain and improve mobility. Excisions of the pisiform, trapezium, and trapezoid have abundant literature evidence to support positive long-term functional outcomes.

How I use next-generation sequencing-MRD to plan approach and prevent relapse after HCT for children and adults with ALL.

Measurable residual disease (MRD) evaluation by multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) or quantitative polymerase chain reaction methods is an established standard of care for assessing risk of relapse before or after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-MRD has emerged as a highly effective approach that allows for the detection of lymphoblasts at a level of <1 in 106 nucleated cells, increasing sensitivity of ALL detection by 2 to 3 logs. Early studies have shown superior results compared with MFC and suggest that NGS-MRD may allow for the determination of patients in whom reduced toxicity transplant preparative approaches could be deployed without sacrificing outcomes.

Telangiectatic osteosarcoma in four dogs: Cytologic, histopathologic, cytochemical, and immunohistochemical findings.

Telangiectatic osteosarcoma is a rare variant of osteosarcoma histologically and clinically similar to hemangiosarcoma (HSA). This case series describes the imaging and cytologic features of four histologically confirmed telangiectatic osteosarcomas, including the use of cytochemical stains. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was applied to Wright-Giemsa-stained cytology slides, and Factor VIII immunohistochemistry was evaluated.

Impact of intrafraction motion in pancreatic cancer treatments with MR-guided adaptive radiation therapy.

Purpose: The total time of radiation treatment delivery for pancreatic cancer patients with daily online adaptive radiation therapy (ART) on an MR-Linac can range from 50 to 90 min. During this period, the target and normal tissues undergo changes due to respiration and physiologic organ motion. We evaluated the dosimetric impact of the intrafraction physiological organ changes.

Quantitative N- or C-Terminal Labelling of Proteins with Unactivated Peptides by Use of Sortases and a d-Aminopeptidase.

Quantitative and selective labelling of proteins is widely used in both academic and industrial laboratories, and catalytic labelling of proteins using transpeptidases, such as sortases, has proved to be a popular strategy for such selective modification. A major challenge for this class of enzymes is that the majority of procedures require an excess of the labelling reagent or, alternatively, activated substrates rather than simple commercially sourced peptides. We report the use of a coupled enzyme strategy which enables quantitative N- and C-terminal labelling of proteins using unactivated labelling peptides.

Virtual screening, identification and validation of small molecule GDP-mannose dehydrogenase inhibitors.

Upon undergoing mucoid conversion within the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients, the pathogenic bacterium synthesises copious quantities of the virulence factor and exopolysaccharide alginate. The enzyme guanosine diphosphate mannose dehydrogenase (GMD) catalyses the rate-limiting step and irreversible formation of the alginate sugar nucleotide building block, guanosine diphosphate mannuronic acid. Since there is no corresponding enzyme in humans, strategies that could prevent its mechanism of action could open a pathway for new and selective inhibitors to disrupt bacterial alginate production.

The odd couple of protistology: Edward Heron-Allen (1861-1943) and Arthur Earland (1866-1958).

Edward Heron-Allen and Arthur Earland were among the last great amateur foraminifera researchers. Their partnership began in 1907 and ended in 1932. While close in age to one another, they shared little more than a fascination for forams and a lack of any university training.

Harnessing a Biocatalyst to Bioremediate the Purification of Alkylglycosides.

As the world moves towards net-zero carbon emissions, the development of sustainable chemical manufacturing processes is essential. Within manufacturing, purification by distillation is often used, however this process is energy intensive and methods that could obviate or reduce its use are desirable. Developed herein is an alternative, oxidative biocatalytic approach that enables purification of alkyl monoglucosides (essential bio-based surfactant components).

The "Standing Peanut" Scaphoid View: A Semi-supinated Radiographic View for Intraoperative Evaluation of Screw Placement in Scaphoid Waist Fractures.

Scaphoid waist fractures are the most common fracture of the scaphoid. Operative management is indicated with unstable fractures and often for nondisplaced waist fractures to decrease time to union and return to work/sport. Screw placement within the central axis of the scaphoid is paramount and correlates with outcomes.

Establishment of a feline glycated hemoglobin reference interval for a novel dried-blood-spot assay and the effects of anemia on assay results.

Background: Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reflects long-term (months) glycemic control and has been previously investigated as a monitoring and diagnostic tool in diabetic cats. However, a standardized, reliable, and globally available test and reference intervals (RIs) have not been established. A novel dried-blood-spot card system (A1Care, Baycom Diagnostics) allows for easy collection and evaluation of HbA1c levels in feline patients.

Commissioning, clinical implementation, and initial experience with a new brain tumor treatment package on a low-field MR-linac.

To evaluate the image quality, dosimetric properties, setup reproducibility, and planar cine motion detection of a high-resolution brain coil and integrated stereotactic brain immobilization system that constitute a new brain treatment package (BTP) on a low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) linear accelerator (MR-linac). Image quality of the high-resolution brain coil was evaluated with the 17 cm diameter spherical phantom and the American College of Radiology (ACR) Large MRI Phantom. Patient imaging studies approved by the institutional review board (IRB) assisted in selecting image acquisition parameters.