Expanding the Agenda for a More Just Genomics.

The integration of genomics into public health and medicine is happening at a faster rate than the accrual of the capabilities necessary to ensure the equitable, global distribution of its clinical benefits. Uneven access to genetic testing and follow-up care, unequal distribution of the resources required to access and participate in research, and underrepresentation of some descent groups in genetic and clinical datasets (and thus uncertain genetic results for some patients) are just some of the reasons to center justice in genomics. A more just genomics is an imperative rooted in the ethical obligations incurred by a publicly funded science that is reliant on human data.

Selective lignin depolymerization transfer hydrogenolysis using Pd/hydrotalcite catalysts: model compounds to whole biomass.

Cleavage of lignin ether bonds transfer hydrogenolysis is a promising route to valorize lignin, thus processes that use mild reaction conditions and exploit renewable hydrogen donor solvents (rather than molecular hydrogen) are economically advantageous. Herein we demonstrate the efficient catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis and tandem decarbonylation of lignin model compounds possessing aromatic ether bonds (α-O-4, β-O-4 and 4-O-5 linkages), over transition metal-modified Pd hydrotalcite catalysts with ethanol as the hydrogen donor and solvent. Quantitative conversions and yields were attained for all model compounds, except for 4-O-5 models, which possess inherently strong sp C-O bonds.

Considerations and derivations of permitted daily exposure limits for impurities from intravitreal pharmaceutical products.

Intravitreal (IVT) injection is an uncommon route of parenteral administration for therapeutic medications, but one of the most important for the treatment of ocular diseases, especially those related to macular degeneration. Nonetheless, there are currently no regulatory guidelines that specifically address how to establish a permitted daily exposure (PDE) for impurities and residual process reagents in IVT pharmaceutical drug products given the unique vulnerability of ocular tissues. The establishment of PDEs for IVT administration is complicated by the limited understanding of metabolism and clearance of small molecular weight chemicals from the human vitreous humor (VH), a problem compounded by the limited IVT-specific toxicological data.

Onset of circadian rhythmicity in the brain of Atlantic salmon is linked to exogenous feeding.

An organism's biological processes are adapted to and driven by rhythmicity in the natural environment and periodicity of light is one of the most influential factors. In a developing organism, the onset of circadian rhythmicity might indicate the time point of functional necessity for aligning processes to the environment. Here, the circadian clock mechanism has been studied in the developing brain of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), by comparing the endogenous feeding alevin, independent on the environment for nutritional supply, to the exogenous feeding fry, dependent on the light period for detecting and catching prey.

Identification of cambium stem cell factors and their positioning mechanism.

Wood constitutes the largest reservoir of terrestrial biomass. Composed of xylem, it arises from one side of the vascular cambium, a bifacial stem cell niche that also produces phloem on the opposing side. It is currently unknown which molecular factors endow cambium stem cell identity.

Experimental validation of a parenteral permitted daily exposure value for cleaning-induced degradants from recombinant therapeutic proteins with in vitro immunogenicity assays.

Multiproduct manufacturing of biotherapeutic proteins generate cleaning-induced protein degradants because of extreme pH and temperature conditions during the cleaning process. Cleaning Acceptance limits are calculated based on the maximum allowable carryover (MAC) assessment of the previously manufactured active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) - or drug product - based on the permitted daily exposure (PDE) of the previously manufactured API into the dose of subsequent product. In this study, we tested a previously determined PDE value for cleaning-induced protein degradants of 650 µg/dose.

Corrigendum: Transcriptome-wide analyses of early immune responses in lumpfish leukocytes upon stimulation with poly(I:C).

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.

Solidifying the minority high school student pathway: evidence from the health professions recruitment and exposure program.

Purpose: The objective of this report is to provide longitudinal insights on the impact of a health professions exposure program for high school students of underrepresented backgrounds in medicine.

Context: Medical students at the University of Chicago reviewed data from their chapter of the Health Profession Recruitment and Exposure Program (HPREP) from 2016-2021 to discover trends in enrollment. This data is documented in the context of the program's mission to increase awareness of health disparities, the success of prominent alumni, and recent community efforts post-COVID-19 pandemic.

Simultaneous measurement of surface velocity and plasma density with interferometric velocimetry.

The apparent velocity measured by an interferometric surface velocimeter is a function of both the surface velocity and the time derivative of the refractive index along the measurement path. We employed this dual sensitivity to simultaneously measure km/s surface velocities and 1018 cm-3 average plasma densities with combined VISAR (velocity interferometer system for any reflector) and PDV (photonic Doppler velocimetry) measurements in experiments performed on the Z Pulsed Power Facility. We detail the governing equations, associated assumptions, and analysis specifics and show that the surface velocity can be extracted without knowledge of the specific plasma density profile.

Evaluation of the EMA log kow trigger for fish BCF testing based on data for several human pharmaceuticals.

In the European Medicines Agency (EMA) "Guideline for Environmental Risk Assessment of Medicinal Products for Human Use," a fish bioconcentration factor (BCF) study is triggered in Phase I for pharmaceuticals having log Kow >4.5, to support Persistence, Bioaccumulation and Toxicity (PBT) screening, and in Phase II to assess secondary poisoning and bioaccumulation ('B') potential when log Kow ≥3. The standard sampling schedule outlined in OECD Test Guideline 305 (TG305) may require assessment of approximately 200 fish following exposure to low- and high-test concentrations and a negative control.

Understanding the Gap: A Cross-Sectional Survey of ELSI Scholars' Dissemination Practices and Translation Goals.

Background: Researchers engaged in the study of the ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of genetics and genomics are often publicly funded and intend their work to be in the public interest. These features of U.S.

Chemical Localization With Robotic Bronchoscopy: Can It Aid Resection of Subsolid Lung Nodules?

Introduction: Subsolid nodules or those located deep in lung parenchyma are difficult to localize using minimally invasive thoracic surgery. While image-guided percutaneous needle localization has been performed, it is inconvenient and has potential complications. In this study, the role of chemical localization using robotic bronchoscopy to facilitate resection was evaluated.

The ELSI Virtual Forum, 30 Years of the Genome: Integrating and Applying ELSI Research.

This paper reports our analysis of the ELSI Virtual Forum: 30 Years of the Genome: Integrating and Applying ELSI Research, an online meeting of scholars focused on the ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of genetics and genomics.

Rapid Discharge After Anatomic Lung Resection: Is Ambulatory Surgery for Early Lung Cancer Possible?

Background: Given resource constraints during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, we explored whether minimally invasive anatomic lung resections for early-stage lung cancer could undergo rapid discharge.

Methods: All patients with clinical stage I-II non-small cell lung cancer from September 2019 to June 2022 who underwent minimally invasive anatomic lung resection at a single institution were included. Patients discharged without a chest tube <18 hours after operation, meeting preset criteria, were considered rapid discharge.

Factors Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life in Lung Transplant Candidates and Recipients.

Objectives: Health-related quality of life has been well studied across transplantation fields, but factors associated with lung transplant preoperative and postoperative quality of life remain unknown. Here, we determine factors associated with health-related quality of life in lung transplant candidates and recipients to identify patients at risk of lower health-related quality of life.

Materials And Methods: From January 2021 to May 2022, health-related quality of life was measured in candidates and recipients using the RAND 36-Item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire.

Bridging the Gap: Delivering Culturally Sensitive Care for Military-connected Patients in Community Settings.

Service Members, particularly members of the Reserve Component, seek medical and mental health care in their civilian communities. To the extent that providers communicate respect and value for military culture, they can better engage and enhance outcomes.

Transcriptome-wide analyses of early immune responses in lumpfish leukocytes upon stimulation with poly(I:C).

Background: Both bacterial and viral diseases are a major threat to farmed fish. As the antiviral immune mechanisms in lumpfish ( L.) are poorly understood, lumpfish leukocytes were stimulated with poly(I:C), a synthetic analog of double stranded RNA, which mimic viral infections, and RNA sequencing was performed.

CT-derived measures of muscle quantity and quality predict poorer outcomes from elective colorectal surgery: a UK multicentre retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: To assess whether preoperative radiologically defined lean muscle measures are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients undergoing elective surgery for colorectal cancer.

Methods: This retrospective UK-based multicentre data collection study identified patients having had colorectal cancer resection with curative intent between January 2013 to December 2016. Preoperative computed-tomography (CT) scans were used to measure psoas muscle characteristics.

Systemic interferon type I and B cell responses are impaired in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1.

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS-1) is caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene and characterised clinically by multiple autoimmune manifestations and serologically by autoantibodies against tissue proteins and cytokines. We here hypothesised that lack of AIRE expression in thymus affects blood immune cells and performed whole-blood microarray analysis (N = 16 APS-I patients vs 16 controls), qPCR verification, and bioinformatic deconvolution of cell subsets. We identified B cell responses as being downregulated in APS-1 patients, which was confirmed by qPCR; these results call for further studies on B cells in this disorder.

Radiation, optical, power flow, and electrical diagnostics at the Z facility: Layout and techniques utilized to operate in the harsh environment.

The Z machine is a current driver producing up to 30 MA in 100 ns that utilizes a wide range of diagnostics to assess accelerator performance and target behavior conduct experiments that use the Z target as a source of radiation or high pressures. We review the existing suite of diagnostic systems, including their locations and primary configurations. The diagnostics are grouped in the following categories: pulsed power diagnostics, x-ray power and energy, x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray imaging (including backlighting, power flow, and velocimetry), and nuclear detectors (including neutron activation).

MERISTEM-DEFECTIVE regulates the balance between stemness and differentiation in the root meristem through RNA splicing control.

Plants respond to environmental stresses through controlled stem cell maintenance and meristem activity. One level of gene regulation is RNA alternative splicing. However, the mechanistic link between stress, meristem function and RNA splicing is poorly understood.