Real-world evaluation of Brainomix e-Stroke software.

Background And Purpose: Brainomix e-Stroke is an artificial intelligence-based decision support tool that aids the interpretation of CT imaging in the context of acute stroke. While e-Stroke has the potential to improve the speed and accuracy of diagnosis, real-world validation is essential. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the performance of Brainomix e-Stroke in an unselected cohort of patients with suspected acute ischaemic stroke.

Clinical, Imaging and Neurogenetic Features of Patients with Gliomatosis Cerebri Referred to a Tertiary Neuro-Oncology Centre.

Introduction: Gliomatosis cerebri describes a rare growth pattern of diffusely infiltrating glioma. The treatment options are limited and clinical outcomes remain poor. To characterise this population of patients, we examined referrals to a specialist brain tumour centre.

Characterisation of isocitrate dehydrogenase gene mutant WHO grade 2 and 3 gliomas: MRI predictors of 1p/19q co-deletion and tumour grade.

Aim: To identify imaging predictors of molecular subtype and tumour grade in patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene mutant (IDH) World Health Organization (WHO) grade 2 or 3 gliomas.

Materials And Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed WHO grade 2 or 3 IDH gliomas between 2016 and 2019 were included in the study. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images were evaluated for the presence or absence of potential imaging predictors of tumour subtype, such as T2/fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) signal match, and these factors were examined using regression analysis.

Autoimmune cortical encephalitis in two children with anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody.

Purpose: Anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (anti-MOG), directed against a component of the myelin sheath, are sometimes detected in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with acute demyelinating conditions. Cortical encephalitic presentations in anti-MOG-antibody-positive patients are recognized but rare, and few pediatric cases have been described.

Methods: We describe clinical, biochemical, and MRI findings in two children presenting with generalized seizures due to cortical encephalitis, and review potential underlying immunological processes.

Monogenetic Stroke Syndromes in Children and Young Adults.

The purpose of this article is to review the characteristic CT and MRI findings associated with monogenetic causes of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in children and young adults. Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in children and young adults remains a common cause of acquired disability but is underrecognized. Brain parenchymal and vascular imaging is commonly performed as part of the comprehensive evaluation of young patients presenting with stroke.

Vascular Anatomy Predicts the Risk of Cerebral Ischemia in Patients Randomized to Carotid Stenting Versus Endarterectomy.

Background And Purpose: Complex vascular anatomy might increase the risk of procedural stroke during carotid artery stenting (CAS). Randomized controlled trial evidence that vascular anatomy should inform the choice between CAS and carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been lacking.

Methods: One-hundred eighty-four patients with symptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis who were randomly assigned to CAS or CEA in the ICSS (International Carotid Stenting Study) underwent magnetic resonance (n=126) or computed tomographic angiography (n=58) at baseline and brain magnetic resonance imaging before and after treatment.

Carotid artery stenting compared with endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis (International Carotid Stenting Study): a randomised controlled trial with cost-effectiveness analysis.

Background: Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is an alternative to carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for the treatment of carotid stenosis, but safety and long-term efficacy were uncertain.

Objective: To compare the risks, benefits and cost-effectiveness of CAS versus CEA for symptomatic carotid stenosis.

Design: International, multicentre, randomised controlled, open, prospective clinical trial.

Predictors of Stroke, Myocardial Infarction or Death within 30 Days of Carotid Artery Stenting: Results from the International Carotid Stenting Study.

Objectives: Stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and death are complications of carotid artery stenting (CAS). The effect of baseline patient demographic factors, processes of care, and technical factors during CAS on the risk of stroke, MI, or death within 30 days of CAS in the International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS) were investigated.

Methods: In ICSS, suitable patients with recently symptomatic carotid stenosis > 50% were randomly allocated to CAS or endarterectomy.

Carotid Anatomy Does Not Predict the Risk of New Ischaemic Brain Lesions on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging after Carotid Artery Stenting in the ICSS-MRI Substudy.

Introduction: The International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS, ISRCTN25337470) randomized patients with recently symptomatic carotid artery stenosis > 50% to carotid artery stenting (CAS) or endarterectomy. CAS increased the risk of new brain lesions visible on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI-MRI) more than endarterectomy in the ICSS-MRI Substudy. The predictors of new post-stenting DWI lesions were assessed in these patients.

Risk Factors For Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, or Death Following Carotid Endarterectomy: Results From the International Carotid Stenting Study.

Objectives: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is standard treatment for symptomatic carotid artery stenosis but carries a risk of stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), or death. This study investigated risk factors for these procedural complications occurring within 30 days of endarterectomy in the International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS).

Methods: Patients with recently symptomatic carotid stenosis >50% were randomly allocated to endarterectomy or stenting.

Incidence, impact, and predictors of cranial nerve palsy and haematoma following carotid endarterectomy in the international carotid stenting study.

Objective: Cranial nerve palsy (CNP) and neck haematoma are complications of carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The effects of patient factors and surgical technique were analysed on the risk, and impact on disability, of CNP or haematoma in the surgical arm of the International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS), a randomized controlled clinical trial of stenting versus CEA in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis.

Materials And Methods: A per-protocol analysis of early outcome in patients receiving CEA in ICSS is reported.

Carotid stenting versus endarterectomy.

Since the landmark NASCET and ECST trials demonstrated the superiority of carotid endarterectomy over medical therapy in the prevention of stroke for patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis, surgical intervention as a part of secondary prevention of stroke has become widespread. However, the newer technology of carotid artery angioplasty and stenting challenges this mode of intervention, promising the benefits of a procedure under local anesthesia and potentially avoiding the surgical complications of cranial nerve palsy and hematoma. Pooled evidence from randomized controlled trials of endarterectomy versus stenting shows a higher rate of stroke or death in the stenting groups-but this finding is mitigated to an extent by the lower incidence of myocardial infarction and cranial nerve palsy in patients undergoing stenting.

Antibody-induced modulation of Friend virus cell surface antigens decreases virus production by persistent erythroleukemia cells: influence of the Rfv-3 gene.

The Rfv-3 gene was found to influence the level of Friend leukemia virus production in spleens of leukemic mice later than 30 days after virus inoculation. Rfv-3r/s mice [(B10.A X A)F1 and (B10.

Anti-Friend virus antibody is associated with recovery from viremia and loss of viral leukemia cell-surface antigens in leukemic mice. Identification of Rfv-3 as a gene locus influencing antibody production.

A single genetic locus, Rfv-3, influenced Friend virus (FV) viremia, loss of FV-induced cell-surface antigens from leukemia cells, and generation of anti-FV antibodies. 30--90 d after FV infection leukemic spleen cells from (B10.A X A)F1 and (B10.

Antibody-induced loss of Friend virus leukemia cell surface antigens occurs during progression of erythroleukemia in F1 mice.

Friend virus (FV)-induced leukemic spleen cells from (B10.A X A)F1 mice were found to lose sensitivity to antibody-mediated lysis during progression of erythroleukemia. This was correlated with a 78% loss of FV-induced cell surface antigens as determined by quantitative absorption of cytotoxic antibodies and with a decreased percentage of leukemic spleen cells showing membrane immunofluorescence with anti-FV antibody.