Coagulopathy Management of an Acute Type A Aortic Dissection in a Patient Taking Apixaban.

This paper reports the successful management of a patient with acute type A Penn B thoracic aortic dissection who was on apixaban therapy for atrial fibrillation. Emergency surgery was performed due to the patient's clinical deterioration, with innominate artery compromise and severe aortic valve regurgitation. The anesthesia team used point-of-care rotational thromboelastometry-guided coagulation replacement therapy consisting of prothrombin concentrate, fibrinogen, and platelets.

Comparative genomic and phenotypic characterization of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from Siaya, Kenya.

Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a major global health concern that often causes bloodstream infections in areas of the world affected by malnutrition and comorbidities such as HIV and malaria. Developing a strategy to control the emergence and spread of highly invasive and antimicrobial resistant NTS isolates requires a comprehensive analysis of epidemiological factors and molecular pathogenesis. Here, we characterize 11 NTS isolates that caused bloodstream infections in pediatric patients in Siaya, Kenya from 2003-2010.

Characterization of Experimental and Clinical Bioaerosol Generation During Potential Aerosol-Generating Procedures.

Background: During medical procedures with the potential to produce aerosols such as bronchoscopy, intubation, or CPR, health-care workers (HCWs) may be exposed to infectious bioaerosols. This scenario is of particular concern when high consequence pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are circulating. Thousands of HCWs have been infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Evaluation of bioaerosol samplers for the detection and quantification of influenza virus from artificial aerosols and influenza virus-infected ferrets.

Background: Bioaerosol sampling devices are necessary for the characterization of infectious bioaerosols emitted by naturally-infected hosts with acute respiratory virus infections. Assessment of these devices under multiple experimental conditions will provide insight for device use.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to assess and compare bioaerosol sampling devices using a) an in vitro, environmentally-controlled artificial bioaerosol system at a range of different RH conditions and b) an in vivo bioaerosol system of influenza virus-infected ferrets under controlled environmental conditions.

Genome Sequences of a Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolate, Strain SMA0034-04 (UGA22), from Siaya County Referral Hospital in Siaya, Kenya.

Here, we report the genome sequences of a clinical isolate, strain SMA0034-04 (UGA22), which contains one chromosome and one plasmid. We also reveal that isolate SMA0034-04 (UGA22) contains loci in the genome that encode multiple exotoxins.

Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus pettenkoferi Strain SMA0010-04 (UGA20), a Clinical Isolate from Siaya County Referral Hospital in Siaya, Kenya.

Here, we report the sequence of a clinical isolate, strain SMA0010-04 (UGA20), which contains the PC1 beta-lactamase () gene.

Genome Sequence of a Staphylococcus xylosus Clinical Isolate, Strain SMA0341-04 (UGA5), from Siaya County Referral Hospital in Siaya, Kenya.

We report here the genome sequence of a clinical isolate, strain SMA0341-04 (UGA5), which contains one chromosome and at least one plasmid. Notably, strain SMA0341-04 (UGA5) contains the tetracycline efflux major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter () gene.

Draft Genome Sequences of Two Staphylococcus warneri Clinical Isolates, Strains SMA0023-04 (UGA3) and SMA0670-05 (UGA28), from Siaya County Referral Hospital, Siaya, Kenya.

We report the complete draft genome sequences of two clinical isolates, strains SMA0023-04 (UGA3) and SMA0670-05 (UGA28), each of which contains one chromosome and at least one plasmid. Isolate SMA0023-04 (UGA3) contains tetracycline efflux major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter (), macrolide resistance ( and ), and beta-lactamase () genes on its plasmids.

Culture-Independent Diagnostics for Health Security.

The past decade has seen considerable development in the diagnostic application of nonculture methods, including nucleic acid amplification-based methods and mass spectrometry, for the diagnosis of infectious diseases. The implications of these new culture-independent diagnostic tests (CIDTs) include bypassing the need to culture organisms, thus potentially affecting public health surveillance systems, which continue to use isolates as the basis of their surveillance programs and to assess phenotypic resistance to antimicrobial agents. CIDTs may also affect the way public health practitioners detect and respond to a bioterrorism event.

Physical inactivity and television-viewing time among Aboriginal adults with asthma: a cross-sectional analysis of the Aboriginal Peoples Survey.

Introduction: The purpose of this analysis was to (1) determine the association between asthma and physical activity levels or sedentary time among Aboriginal adults, and (2) understand the influence of physical inactivity and sedentary time on health care use among Aboriginal adults with asthma.

Methods: We analyzed 20 953 adults from the 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey. Those with self-reported physician-diagnosed asthma and a current prescription for asthma medication were considered to have current asthma.

Development of forensic assay signatures for ebolaviruses.

Ebolaviruses are a diverse group of RNA viruses comprising five different species, four of which cause fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans. Because of their high infectivity and lethality, ebolaviruses are considered major biothreat agents. Although detection assays exist, no forensic assays are currently available.

Forensic signatures for Marburgviruses.

Marburgvirus is one of the most important hemorrhagic fever viruses with extremely high infectivity and fatality rate (~90%). It is transmitted easily in human populations through a respiratory route and therefore considered as a major biothreat agent. Although detection assays have been developed, no assay is available for forensic analysis.

Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis Serovar Israelensis Strain HD-789.

Bacillus thuringiensis is an important microbial insecticide for controlling agricultural pests. We report the finished genome sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis strain HD-789, which contains genes encoding 7 parasporal crystals consisting of Cry4Aa3, Cry4Ba5 (2 genes), Cry10Aa3, Cry11Aa3, Cry60Ba3, and Cry60Aa3, plus 3 Cyt toxin genes and 1 hemagglutinin gene.

Comprehensive analysis of the effects of CdSe quantum dot size, surface charge, and functionalization on primary human lung cells.

The growing potential of quantum dots (QDs) in applications as diverse as biomedicine and energy has provoked much dialogue about their conceivable impact on human health and the environment at large. Consequently, there has been an urgent need to understand their interaction with biological systems. Parameters such as size, composition, surface charge, and functionalization can be modified in ways to either enhance biocompatibility or reduce their deleterious effects.

Overview of human repetitive DNA sequences.

This appendix contains brief descriptions of the most abundant classes of repetitive DNA in the human genome. The chromosomal distribution of these classes of repeats are shown for human chromosome 16.

Analysis of the neurotoxin complex genes in Clostridium botulinum A1-A4 and B1 strains: BoNT/A3, /Ba4 and /B1 clusters are located within plasmids.

Background: Clostridium botulinum and related clostridial species express extremely potent neurotoxins known as botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) that cause long-lasting, potentially fatal intoxications in humans and other mammals. The amino acid variation within the BoNT is used to categorize the species into seven immunologically distinct BoNT serotypes (A-G) which are further divided into subtypes. The BoNTs are located within two generally conserved gene arrangements known as botulinum progenitor complexes which encode toxin-associated proteins involved in toxin stability and expression.

Genomewide identification of nuclear matrix attachment regions: an analysis of methods.

High-throughput technologies now afford the opportunity to directly determine the distribution of MARs (matrix attachment regions) throughout a genome. The utility of cosmid and oligonucleotide platforms to identify human chromosome 16 MARs from preparations that employed LIS (lithium di-iodosalicylic acid) and NaCl extraction protocols was examined. The effectiveness of the platforms was then evaluated by Q-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR).

The complete genome sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis Al Hakam.

Bacillus thuringiensis is an insect pathogen that is widely used as a biopesticide (E. Schnepf, N. Crickmore, J.

Genome-wide sequence and functional analysis of early replicating DNA in normal human fibroblasts.

Background: The replication of mammalian genomic DNA during the S phase is a highly coordinated process that occurs in a programmed manner. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the pattern of replication timing on a genomic scale. Using a combination of experimental and computational techniques, we identified a genome-wide set of the earliest replicating sequences.

A 360-kb interchromosomal duplication of the human HYDIN locus.

The HYDIN gene located in human chromosome band 16q22.2 is a large gene encompassing 423 kb of genomic DNA that has been suggested as a candidate for an autosomal recessive form of congenital hydrocephalus. We have found that the human HYDIN locus has been very recently duplicated, with a nearly identical 360-kb paralogous segment inserted on chromosome 1q21.

Pathogenomic sequence analysis of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis isolates closely related to Bacillus anthracis.

Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis are closely related gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria of the B. cereus sensu lato group. While independently derived strains of B.

Two variants of MutS homolog hMSH5: prevalence in humans and effects on protein interaction.

MSH5 is known to play functional roles in an array of cellular processes such as DNA damage response and meiotic homologous recombination. Here, we report the characterization of an hMSH5 splicing variant (hMSH5sv) that resulted from the retention of the last 51 bp of hMSH5 intron 6, in which the encoded 17-amino acid insertion between codons 179 and 180 does not compromise its capability to interact with hMSH4. We have also identified an hMSH5 polymorphism (C85T) [corrected] that altered codon 29 of the hMSH5 gene resulting in a proline-to-serine change (P29S).

The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16.

Human chromosome 16 features one of the highest levels of segmentally duplicated sequence among the human autosomes. We report here the 78,884,754 base pairs of finished chromosome 16 sequence, representing over 99.9% of its euchromatin.

Integration of high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization analysis of chromosome 16q with expression array data refines common regions of loss at 16q23-qter and identifies underlying candidate tumor suppressor genes in prostate cancer.

We have constructed a high-resolution genomic microarray of human chromosome 16q, and used it for comparative genomic hybridization analysis of 16 prostate tumors. We demarcated 10 regions of genomic loss between 16q23.1 and 16qter that occurred in five or more samples.