Electricity generation from young landfill leachate in a microbial fuel cell with a new electrode material.

This study aims at evaluating the performance of a two-chambered continuously fed microbial fuel cell with new Ti-TiO₂ electrodes for bioelectricity generation from young landfill leachate at varying strength of wastewater (1-50 COD g/L) and hydraulic retention time (HRT, 0.25-2 days). The COD removal efficiency in the MFC increased with time and reached 45 % at full-strength leachate (50 g/L COD) feeding.

Bioelectricity production using a new electrode in a microbial fuel cell.

Electrode materials play a key role in enhancing the electricity generation in the microbial fuel cell (MFC). In this study, a new material (Ti-TiO(2)) was used as an anode electrode and compared with a graphite electrode for electricity generation. Current densities were 476.

Thermophilic biohydrogen production by an anaerobic heat treated-hot spring culture.

Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the thermophilic biohydrogen production using an enrichment culture from a Turkish hot spring. Following the enrichment, the culture was heat treated at 100 degrees C for 10 min to select for spore-forming bacteria. H(2) production was accompanied by production of acetate, butyrate, lactate and ethanol.

Use of magnesit as a magnesium source for ammonium removal from leachate.

Using magnesit (MgCO(3)) as a low cost source of magnesium ions in the struvite precipitation for the removal of high ammonium content of leachate was evaluated. Optimum molar concentration and pH conditions were analyzed to minimize the struvite solubility. Since solubility of magnesit in water is low, HCl was used to obtain soluble Mg.

Ammonium removal from sanitary landfill leachate using natural Gördes clinoptilolite.

Removal of ammonium ion (NH(4)(+)) from leachate from Odayeri sanitary landfill, located in the European part of Istanbul, was examined using Gördes (Turkish) clinoptilolite. The effects of pH, flow rate, ammonium concentration and competitive cations on the removal efficiency were investigated in both batch and column studies. Thomas model were used to analyze the breakthrough data.

A comparative study of linear and non-linear regression analysis for ammonium exchange by clinoptilolite zeolite.

Ammonium ion exchange from aqueous solution using clinoptilolite zeolite was investigated at laboratory scale. Batch experimental studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of various parameters such as pH, zeolite dosage, contact time, initial ammonium concentration and temperature. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models and pseudo-second-order model were fitted to experimental data.

Removal of ammonium ion from aqueous solution using natural Turkish clinoptilolite.

A study on ion exchange kinetics and equilibrium isotherms of ammonium ion on natural Turkish clinoptilolite (zeolite) was conducted using a batch experiment technique. The effects of relevant parameters, such as temperature, contact time and initial ammonium (NH(4)(+)) concentration were examined, respectively. The pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order kinetic models and intraparticle diffusion model were used to describe the kinetic data.

Report: cost and financing of municipal solid waste collection services in Istanbul.

The collection is a high priority in the management of solid wastes in a modern city, and in order to plan and operate a collection service well, the cost and financial sources must be known and understood in detail. In this study the cost of collection services and environmental tax are evaluated for the year 2001 in Istanbul. The percentage of the employees working in municipal solid waste collection services is 83% by the private sector and 17% by the public sector.