Asymmetric synthesis, molecular modeling and biological evaluation of 5-methyl-3-aryloxazolidine-2,4-dione enantiomers as monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors.

Single enantiomers of the new 5-methyl-3-aryloxazolidine-2,4-diones have been obtained either by an asymmetric synthesis using the chiral pool strategy or by a semipreparative resolution of the racemic compound by HPLC on an optically active stationary phase. The single enantiomers were assayed for their in vitro monoamine oxidase (hMAO) inhibitory activity and selectivity. The most potent inhibitor among the studied compounds has been found as (5R)-3-phenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione (compound 1-R) which appeared to be a good antidepressant drug candidate since it inhibited hMAO-A selectively, competitively and reversibly with K values in the micromolar range (0.

Subcutaneous Schwannoma in the Head Region.

Schwannoma is a benign neural tumor derived from Schwann cells surrounding the nerves. It occurs primarily in subcutaneous tissues and muscles with a tendency for distal extremities, head, and neck area. Treatment of schwannoma is surgical excision.

Facial nerve outcome and extent of resection in cystic versus solid vestibular schwannomas in radiosurgery era.

OBJECTIVE Cystic vestibular schwannomas (CVSs) are a subgroup of vestibular schwannomas (VSs) that are reported to be associated with unpredictable clinical behavior and unfavorable postoperative outcomes. The authors aimed to review their experience with microsurgical treatment of CVSs in terms of extent of resection and postoperative facial nerve (FN) function and compare these outcomes with those of their solid counterparts. METHODS Two hundred-eleven VS patients were treated surgically between 2006 and 2017.

Microsurgical Resection of Tuberculum Sellae Meningioma via Pterional Craniotomy with Extradural Anterior Clinoidectomy and Optic Unroofing.

Microsurgical treatment of suprasellar tumors, in particular tuberculum sellae meningiomas, poses significant challenge. These tumors are surrounded by vital neurovascular structures, such as optic apparatus, pituitary stalk, internal carotid artery and its branches, and anterior cerebral arteries. In large and complex cases, early identification and decompression of these structures may facilitate safer dissection and resection.

Investigation of mindin levels in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy and QRS fragmentation on electrocardiography.

Purpose: Mindin was associated with diabetic nephropathy, podocyte injury, colitis, allergic asthma, liver ischaemia and reperpusion injury and ischaemic brain injury. On the other hand, it was reported as a protective factor against obesity, cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and remodelling. Fragmented QRS complexes (fQRS) are markers of altered ventricular depolarisation owing to a prior myocardial scar and fibrosis.

Application of response surface methodology as a new PID tuning method in an electrocoagulation process control case.

In this work the application of response surface methodology (RSM) to proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller parameter tuning for electrocoagulation (EC) treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater was researched. Dynamic data for two controlled variables (pH and electrical conductivity) were obtained under pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS) input signals applied to manipulated variables (acid and supporting electrolyte flow rates). Third order plus time delay model parameters were evaluated through System Identification Toolbox™ in MATLAB.

Relation of Serum ADMA, Apelin-13 and LOX-1 Levels with Inflammatory and Echocardiographic Parameters in Hemodialysis Patients.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nitric oxide has a critical role in both endothelial dysfunction and the atherosclerosis process. We aimed to investigate the relationships between serum asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA), LOX-1, and Apelin-13 levels, which are known to act over nitric oxide with endothelial dysfunction and cardiac morphology as well as with each other in hemodialysis patients.

Usefulness and Radiological Evaluation of Accuracy of the Innovative "Smart" Hand Technique for Pedicle Screw Placement: An Anatomical Study.

Aim: To use a smartphone application (app) during pedicle screw placement navigation and examine the accuracy of this application on an anatomical dry vertebrae model.

Material And Methods: Seventy-six dry vertebrae were used for this study, and pedicle entry points and projections of pedicle screw trajectory lines in the lateral and superior aspects of the vertebral body were identified and drawn for each vertebra bilaterally. In each position, all angulations were measured directly before the procedure manually.

Preoperative Exposure of Sigmoid Sinus Trajectory in Posterolateral Cranial Base Approaches Using a New Landmark Through a Neurosurgical Perspective.

The location of burr holes in posterolateral cranial base approaches should be appropriate to provide an adequate operative field, and surgical freedom is crucial for bone window opening. The aim of this study was to search for more convenient and easily detectable landmarks in comparison with current landmarks in posterolateral cranial base surgery. Twenty 3-dimensional reconstructed head and neck computed tomography angiography images (group 1) and 20 cadaver heads (group 2) were evaluated.

Visualization of Superficial Cerebral Lesions Using a Smartphone Application.

Aim: Accurate localizations of cerebral lesions ensure good surgical outcomes and minimize intraoperative complications. Currently, microscope-integrated neuronavigation systems compensate these requirements. Since these units are expensive and large, the need to create more practical and portable systems in this "smart" century has become apparent.

Resection of middle petroclival meningioma via combined anterior transpetrosal and retrosigmoid approaches at two separate stages: 3D operative video.

Surgical access to the petroclival region poses a challenge to neurosurgeons. A wide range of approaches has been demonstrated in the past. In this video, the authors present a 69-year-old male patient who presented with 3-month history of worsening left-sided numbness.

Evaluation of auditory and cochlear functions in ankylosing spondylitis patients according to the site of involvement.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease of unknown origin with a prevalence rate about 1% in the population. Audiovestibular dysfunction is encountered in AS and sensorineural hearing loss is the most common form. The present study aimed to evaluate auditory and cochlear function in AS patients according to the site of involvement.

Cognitive Improvement and Brain Changes after Real-Time Functional MRI Neurofeedback Training in Healthy Elderly and Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Cognitive decline is characteristic for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and also for healthy ageing. As a proof-of-concept study, we examined whether this decline can be counteracted using real-time fMRI neurofeedback training. Visuospatial memory and the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) were targeted.

Evaluation of potential long-term changes in endothelial functions and basic echocardiographic parameters in unilateral nephrectomy patients.

Aim: Decreased nephron count may result in lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and cardiorenal injury in the absence of compensatory hyperfunction. In this study, we aimed to evaluate long-term effects of 50% nephron loss on endothelial functions and cardiac morphology in nondonor nephrectomy patients.

Methods: This study comprised 26 patients (median age: 44 [37.

Multicenter study of pars plana vitrectomy for optic disc pit maculopathy: MACPIT study.

PurposeTo evaluate surgical intervention with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for correction of optic disc pit maculopathy (ODP-M).Patients and methodsRetrospective chart review from 13 centres of 51 eyes of 50 patients with ODP-M who underwent PPV between 2002-2014. Anatomic and final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) outcomes were evaluated for all cases with different adjuvant techniques.

Multi-chromatic silicon nanocrystals.

Silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) have great potential to become environmental friendly alternatives to heavy-metal containing nanocrystals for applications including medical imaging, lighting and displays. SiNCs exhibit excellent photostability, non-toxicity and abundant resources, but their often reported inefficient and spectrally limited light emission seriously impair their applications. Here we demonstrate a new method that converts SiNCs into an efficient and robust multi-chromatic phosphor.

Health-related quality of life in non-paraplegic (ambulatory) children with myelomeningocele.

Purpose: Evaluation of the effects of ventriculoperitoenal shunt and incontinence presence on health-related quality of life of ambulatory myelomeningocele patients.

Methods: The study group included 35 myelomeningocele patients, between 5 and 18 years old (mean age = 9.6), who were neonatally operated.

Examination of histopathological changes of scalpel, monopolar, bipolar, and thermocautery applications in rat experimental circumcision model.

This study endeavors to analyze the effects of thermocautery, bipolar cautery, monopolar cautery, and the scalpel to show that the thermocautery is a safe device to be used in circumcision. Twenty-four rats were assigned to 4 different groups: the scalpel, thermocautery, bipolar cautery, and monopolar cautery groups. Circumcisions were performed using the scalpel, thermocautery, bipolar cautery, or monopolar cautery devices.

New azole derivatives showing antimicrobial effects and their mechanism of antifungal activity by molecular modeling studies.

Azole antifungals are potent inhibitors of fungal lanosterol 14α demethylase (CYP51) and have been used for eradication of systemic candidiasis clinically. Herein we report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of 1-phenyl/1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethanol esters. Many of these derivatives showed fungal growth inhibition at very low concentrations.

Quantitative Profiling of Hydroxy Lipid Metabolites in Mouse Organs Reveals Distinct Lipidomic Profiles and Modifications Due to Elevated n-3 Fatty Acid Levels.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are precursors of bioactive metabolites and mediators. In this study, the profile of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (HETE), hydroxyeicosapentaenoic (HEPE) and hydroxydocosahexaenoic (HDHA) acids derived from arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in colon, liver, lung, spleen, muscle, heart and kidney tissue of healthy wildtype mice were characterized, and compared to profiles in organs from transgenic fat-1 mice engineered to express the fat-1 gene encoding an n-3 desaturase and thereby with endogenously elevated n-3 PUFA levels. PUFAs were measured using gas chromatography.

A Novel Technique for Duodenal Resection and Primary Anastomosis With Robotic Assistance and OrVil.

Background And Objectives: Benign duodenal neoplasm is a rare occurrence. Minimally invasive tumor resection and anastomosis formation with an OrVil catheter is a novel approach to treating this disease. In this article, we present a new technique for duodenojejunal anastomosis.

Association of Enteric Protist Blastocystis spp. and Gut Microbiota with Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Background And Aims: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a serious neuropsychiatric sequela emerging in the advanced stages of cirrhosis. The gut microbiota plays an important role in the development of HE. The aim of the study was to analyze the dynamic interplay between microbiota and Blastocystis in cirrhotic patients with or without encephalopathy.

Is income relevant for health expenditure and economic growth nexus?

This paper examines the relationship between health expenditure and economic growth using panel data consisting low and high-income countries. Using dynamic panel data methodology, we analyze twenty five high-income and nineteen low-income economies for the periods of 1995-2012 and 1997-2009, respectively. We find reciprocal relationship between health expenditure and economic growth in the short run and one-way causality from economic growth to public health expenditure in the long-run.