Transition to adulthood: Experience of Japanese youth with spina bifida.

Background: Emerging adults with spina bifida have complex developmental and health care needs. Improvement in healthcare means there is greater interest in understanding and supporting the transition needs of children with spina bifida to adulthood. However, the experiences during transition for emerging adults with spina bifida in Japan remain unknown.

Formation and Mechano-Chemical Properties of Chromium Fluorides Originated from the Deposition of Carbon-Chromium Nanocomposite Coatings in the Reactive Atmosphere (Ar + CF) during Magnetron Sputtering.

The literature analysis did not indicate any studies on fluorination tests of carbon nanocomposite coatings doped with transition metals in a form of nanocrystalline metal carbide in amorphous carbon matrix (nc-MeC/a-C). As a model coating to investigate the effect of fluorination in a tetrafluoromethane (CF) atmosphere, a nanocomposite carbon coating doped with chromium-forming nanocrystals of chromium carbides in a-C matrix (nc-CrC/a-C) produced by magnetron sputtering from graphite targets and using a Pulse-DC type medium frequency power supply was chosen. After the deposition of the gradient chromium carbonitride (CrCN) adhesive sublayer, the fluorination of the main coating was conducted in a reactive mode in an (Ar + CF) atmosphere at various CF content.

A Quantitative Adverse Outcome Pathway for Embryonic Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor of Fishes by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Leading to Decreased Fecundity at Adulthood.

Quantitative adverse outcome pathways (qAOPs) describe the response-response relationships that link the magnitude and/or duration of chemical interaction with a specific molecular target to the probability and/or severity of the resulting apical-level toxicity of regulatory relevance. The present study developed the first qAOP for latent toxicities showing that early life exposure adversely affects health at adulthood. Specifically, a qAOP for embryonic activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 (AHR2) of fishes by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) leading to decreased fecundity of females at adulthood was developed by building on existing qAOPs for (1) activation of the AHR leading to early life mortality in birds and fishes, and (2) inhibition of cytochrome P450 aromatase activity leading to decreased fecundity in fishes.

Evaluating the Compatibility of New Recombinant Protein Antigens (Trivalent NRRV) with a Mock Pentavalent Combination Vaccine Containing Whole-Cell Pertussis: Analytical and Formulation Challenges.

Introducing new recombinant protein antigens to existing pediatric combination vaccines is important in improving coverage and affordability, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This case-study highlights the analytical and formulation challenges encountered with three recombinant non-replicating rotavirus vaccine (NRRV) antigens (t-NRRV formulated with Alhydrogel adjuvant, AH) combined with a mock multidose formulation of a pediatric pentavalent vaccine used in LMICs. This complex formulation contained (1) vaccine antigens (i.

Far from Their Origins: A Transcriptomic Investigation on How 2,4-Di-tert-butyl-6-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) Phenol Affects Rainbow Trout Alevins.

Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) are a group of widely used chemicals added to a variety of consumer (e.g., plastics) and industrial (e.

Characteristics of background check findings in nursing students.

Background: Background checks are used in nursing education to assess public risk. To date, no study has described the most common and most serious findings in nursing students.

Purpose: Our study describes the most common and most serious characteristics of BGC findings in nursing students attending large universities.

Prevalence of Nursing Students With Background Check Findings.

Background: Background checks (BGC) have been used in nursing education since the 2000s. Little is known about the prevalence of BGC among nursing students or how these students compare to the general population.

Method: This retrospective study describes aggregated, de-identified BGC data from 2014-2019 in 16 large nursing programs in the United States.

Assessing the Toxicity of Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizers to Fishes: Insights into Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Effects.

Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) are chemicals used to mitigate UV-induced damage to manufactured goods. Their presence in aquatic environments and biota raises concerns, as certain BUVSs activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which is linked to adverse effects in fish. However, potencies of BUVSs as AhR agonists and species sensitivities to AhR activation are poorly understood.

Embryonic Exposure to Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer 327 Alters Behavior of Rainbow Trout Alevin.

Benzotriazole ultraviolet (UV) stabilizers (BUVSs) are used in great quantities during industrial production of a variety of consumer and industrial goods. As a result of leaching and spill, BUVSs are detectable ubiquitously in the environment. As of May 2023, citing concerns related to bioaccumulation, biomagnification, and environmental persistence, (B)UV(S)-328 was recommended to be listed under Annex A of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.

Rise and Fall of the Baby Box in the United States.

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Process of Maintaining Self in Individuals Living With Systemic Sclerosis: A Grounded Theory Study of American Women.

Background: People with chronic illnesses may struggle to adapt psychologically to the illness experience and have feelings of identity loss, self-diminishment, and biographical disruption. This may limit people's ability to engage in optimal self-management. Systemic sclerosis is a debilitating, stigmatizing, and life-limiting progressive chronic illness with significant disfiguring effects.

Embryonic Exposure to the Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizer 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methylphenol Decreases Fertility of Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) are emerging contaminants of concern. They are added to a variety of products, including building materials, personal care products, paints, and plastics, to prevent degradation caused by ultraviolet (UV) light. Despite widespread occurrence in aquatic environments, little is known regarding the effects of BUVSs on aquatic organisms.

Effects of aluminum-salt, CpG and emulsion adjuvants on the stability and immunogenicity of a virus-like particle displaying the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD).

Second-generation COVID-19 vaccines with improved immunogenicity (e.g., breadth, duration) and availability (e.

An mRNA-based platform for the delivery of pathogen-specific IgA into mucosal secretions.

Colonization of the gut and airways by pathogenic bacteria can lead to local tissue destruction and life-threatening systemic infections, especially in immunologically compromised individuals. Here, we describe an mRNA-based platform enabling delivery of pathogen-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) monoclonal antibodies into mucosal secretions. The platform consists of synthetic mRNA encoding IgA heavy, light, and joining (J) chains, packaged in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) that express glycosylated, dimeric IgA with functional activity in vitro and in vivo.

Incidence and Outcome of Atypical Manifestations of Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease: Results From a Retrospective Single-Center Analysis.

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is the leading cause of late nonrelapse mortality (NRM) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) and defined by 8 diagnostic target organs. Recently, provisional criteria for atypical manifestations of cGVHD that include manifestations in nonclassic organs as well as atypical manifestations in National Institutes of Health (NIH)-defined organs, were proposed by a NIH task force. Little is known about the incidence, risk factors, and impact on survival of atypical cGVHD, however.

The Combined Effect of Copper Nanoparticles and Microplastics on Transcripts Involved in Oxidative Stress Pathway in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Hepatocytes.

Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and microplastics (MPs) are two emerging contaminants of freshwater systems. Despite their co-occurrence in many water bodies, the combined effects of CuNPs and MPs on aquatic organisms are not well-investigated. In this study, primary cultures of rainbow trout hepatocytes were exposed to dissolved Cu, CuNPs, MPs, or a combination of MPs and CuNPs for 48 h, and the transcript abundances of oxidative stress-related genes were investigated.

Impairment of oocyte maturation as a mechanism of decreased fecundity in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to the brominated flame retardant, 1,2,5,6-tetrabromocyclooctane (TBCO).

Inhibition of oocyte maturation is an understudied mechanism by which chemical stressors can impair fecundity of female fishes. The primary objective of the present study was to develop an assay to assess oocyte maturation disruption by chemical stressors in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). First, an in vitro assay to assess maturation inducing hormone (MIH)-stimulated oocyte maturation in zebrafish was validated for use with Japanese medaka.

Expanding non-invasive approaches for fish-health monitoring: A survey of the epidermal mucous metabolomes of phylogenetically diverse freshwater fish species.

There is a pressing need for more-holistic approaches to fisheries assessments along with growing demand to reduce the health impacts of sample collections. Metabolomic tools enable the use of sample matrices that can be collected with minimal impact on the organism (e.g.

A novel adaptation of spatial interpolation methods to map health attitudes related to COVID-19.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic presented substantial challenges to public health stakeholders working to vaccinate populations against the disease, particularly among vaccine hesitant individuals in low- and middle-income countries. Data on the determinants of vaccine hesitancy are scarce, and often available only at the national level. In this paper, our goal is to inform programmatic decision making in support of local vaccine uptake.

Nanoalum Formulations Containing Aluminum Hydroxide and CpG 1018 Adjuvants: The Effect on Stability and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD Antigen.

Aluminum-salt vaccine adjuvants (alum) are commercially available as micron-sized particles with varying chemical composition and crystallinity. There are reports of enhanced adjuvanticity when the alum's particle size is reduced to the nanometer range. Previously, we demonstrated that a recombinant receptor-binding domain (RBD)-based COVID-19 vaccine candidate (RBD-J; RBD-L452K-F490W) formulated with aluminum hydroxide (Alhydrogel; AH) and CpG 1018™ (CpG) adjuvants induced potent neutralizing antibody responses in mice yet displayed instability during storage.

Reevaluation of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin Equivalency Factors for Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins, Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans, and Polychlorinated Biphenyls for Fishes.

An expert meeting was organized by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1997 to streamline assessments of risk posed by mixtures of dioxin-like chemicals (DLCs) through development of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) equivalency factors (TEFs) for mammals, birds, and fishes. No reevaluation has been performed for fish TEFs. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to reevaluate the TEFs for fishes based on an updated database of relative potencies (RePs) for DLCs.

Effects of Alkylation on Potency of Benz[a]anthracene for AhR2 Transactivation in Nine Species of Freshwater Fish.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are naturally occurring or anthropogenic organic chemicals that can activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 (AhR2) and induce toxicity in fishes. Alkyl PAHs are more abundant than nonalkylated PAHs in certain environmental matrices and there is growing evidence that alkylation can increase potency, dependent on the position of alkylation. However, it is unknown if the effect of alkylation on potency is conserved across species.

Perinatal psychiatric practitioner consultation program delivers rapid response to OB/GYN practitioners.

Introduction: Screening and treatment initiation for perinatal psychiatric conditions is a recommended competency in OB/GYN practitioners, yet perinatal psychiatry is rapidly evolving. Practitioner-to-psychiatrist consultation programs have the potential to improve the management of psychiatric conditions in perinatal women. This study describes utilization of a statewide perinatal psychiatric consultation service by OB/GYN practitioners through examination of the volume, responsivity, content and outcomes of clinical inquiries, and satisfaction.