The FLuorometholone as Adjunctive MEdical Therapy for Trachomatous Trichiasis Surgery (FLAME) Trial: Study Design.

Purpose: To report the design of FLuorometholone as Adjunctive MEdical therapy for TT surgery (FLAME) trial.

Design: Parallel design, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial with 1:1 randomization to fluorometholone 0.1% eye drops twice daily or placebo twice daily for 4 weeks in eyes undergoing trachomatous trichiasis (TT) surgery for assessing the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of fluorometholone 0.

Efficacy and tolerability of full spectrum hemp oil in dogs living with pain in common household settings.

Lameness and restricted mobility are a significant concern in companion animals experiencing chronic pain, inflammation, or age-related pathologies. The growing awareness of health risks and side effects associated with the long-term use of prescription analgesics requires different management strategies to address these issues. In this study, we conducted a crossover evaluation of the effect of full spectrum hemp oil dosed orally at 2 mg/kg BID phytocannabinoids for 8 weeks in dogs ( = 37) living with pain in common household settings.

The disconnect between metamemory and memory for emotional images.

Emotional information is reliably predicted to be remembered better than neutral information, and this has been found for words, images, and facial expressions. However, many studies find that these judgments of learning (JOLs) are not predictive of memory performance (e.g.

Long-distance communication can enable collective migration in a dynamic seascape.

Social information is predicted to enhance the quality of animals' migratory decisions in dynamic ecosystems, but the relative benefits of social information in the long-range movements of marine megafauna are unknown. In particular, whether and how migrants use nonlocal information gained through social communication at the large spatial scale of oceanic ecosystems remains unclear. Here we test hypotheses about the cues underlying timing of blue whales' breeding migration in the Northeast Pacific via individual-based models parameterized by empirical behavioral data.

The Better Operative Outcomes Software Tool (BOOST) Prospective Study: Improving the Quality of Cataract Surgery Outcomes in Low-Resource Settings.

Purpose: Post-operative vision impairment is common among patients who have undergone cataract surgery in low-resource settings, impacting quality of clinical outcomes and patient experience. This prospective, multisite, single-armed, pragmatic validation study aimed to assess whether receiving tailored recommendations via the free Better Operative Outcomes Software Tool (BOOST) app improved surgical outcomes, as quantified by post-operative unaided distance visual acuity (UVA) measured 1-3 days after surgery.

Methods: During the baseline data collection round, surgeons in low and middle-income countries recorded clinical characteristics of 60 consecutive cataract cases in BOOST.

Exploring whether a diagnosis of severe frailty prompts advance care planning and end of life care conversations.

Background: Older people with frailty are susceptible to sudden and rapid deterioration, so discussing their wishes and preferences for care at the end of life should be a priority. However, frailty is often not considered or recognised, which impedes patient-centred decision-making.

Aim: To explore the views and perceptions of senior healthcare professionals regarding the usefulness of the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) in identifying frailty; whether a CFS score of severe frailty leads senior healthcare professionals to recognise that the person is likely to be approaching the end of life; and whether a CFS score of severe frailty prompts senior healthcare professionals to have conversations about advance care planning and end of life care with patients.

Tropical Data: Approach and Methodology as Applied to Trachoma Prevalence Surveys.

Purpose: Population-based prevalence surveys are essential for decision-making on interventions to achieve trachoma elimination as a public health problem. This paper outlines the methodologies of Tropical Data, which supports work to undertake those surveys.

Methods: Tropical Data is a consortium of partners that supports health ministries worldwide to conduct globally standardised prevalence surveys that conform to World Health Organization recommendations.

Analysis of NINDS Health Disparities and Health Equity Research Portfolio, 2016-2020: Results and a Process for Transparency, Accuracy, and Reliability.

Background And Objectives: As detailed throughout this special issue, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) recently undertook a strategic planning effort to guide the Institute's efforts and priorities in health disparities and health equity (HD/HE) research. One input into this effort was to conduct a 5-year longitudinal, in-depth analysis of NINDS-supported HD/HE research newly funded between the years 2016 and 2020. The goals of this analysis were to describe NINDS's portfolio according to consistent, contemporary definitions and HD/HE disciplinary theory.

A Review of Novel Anesthetic Technique for Vitreoretinal Surgery.

Background And Objective: Currently, there is no standardized formulation of intravenous anesthetic that exists for vitreoretinal surgery. We describe a novel anesthetic protocol for vitreoretinal surgery that is safe and effective for patients and surgeons alike.

Study Design: Review the current challenges to vitreoretinal anesthetic technique and descriptive overview outlining the proposed anesthetic protocol and associated experience with technique.

Evaluation of 340B prescription assistance program on healthcare use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: The federal 340B drug program was designed to stretch scarce federal resources to provide more comprehensive services for more eligible patients. To help satisfy community needs, 340B Prescription Assistance Programs (PAPs) allow eligible patients to access medications at significantly reduced costs.

Objectives: To measure the impact of reduced-cost medications for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) through a 340B PAP on all-cause hospitalizations and emergency department visits.

Role of global public sector research in discovering new drugs and vaccines.

Unlabelled: Analysis of international public-sector contributions to Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs and vaccines allows for a more thorough examination of the global biomedical innovation ecosystem by institution of origin. Using new and existing methods, we have identified 364 FDA-approved drugs and vaccines approved from 1973 to 2016 discovered in whole or in part by Public Sector Research Institutions (PSRIs) worldwide. We identified product-specific intellectual property contributions to FDA-approved small molecule and biologic drugs and vaccines from the FDA Orange Book, our peer network, published studies, and three new sources: reports of medical product manufacturers' payments to physicians and teaching hospitals under The Sunshine Act of 2010, a paper by Kneller and 64 royalty monetization transactions by academic institutions and/or their faculty that one of us (AS) maintains.

Integrating eye care in low-income and middle-income settings: a scoping review.

Objectives: Integrated people-centred eye care has been recommended as a strategic framework for reducing global vision impairment and blindness. The extent to which eye care has integrated with other services has not been widely reported. We aimed to investigate approaches to integrating eye care service delivery with other systems in low resource settings, and identify factors associated with integration.

An Elusive Case of Tuberculous Meningitis in a Young Man With Altered Mental Status.

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a rare, frequently elusive diagnosis, often characterized by vague symptoms and associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality.

Case Report: We present a case of TBM in a young man with a headache and altered mental status. In addition, we provide a brief history of TBM, review the pathophysiology of the disease, discuss clinical and radiologic features, and detail the management of TBM both emergently and throughout our patient's hospital course.

Detecting valence from unidentified images: A link between familiarity and positivity in recognition without identification.

Research using the Recognition Without Identification paradigm (Cleary & Greene, 2000, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26[4], 1063-1069; Peynircioǧlu, 1990, Journal of Memory and Language, 29, 493-500) has found that participants can discriminate between old and new stimuli even when the stimuli are obscured to a degree that they are unidentifiable. This methodology has been adapted in the past by using heavily obscured threatening and nonthreatening images and asking participants to try to identify each image followed by a familiarity rating of the image. Past results showed that threatening images that were not able to be identified were rated as more familiar than nonthreatening images that were not able to be identified (Cleary et al.

Rates of Epidural Blood Patch following Lumbar Puncture Comparing Atraumatic versus Bevel-Tip Needles Stratified for Body Mass Index.

Background And Purpose: Postdural puncture headache, a known complication of lumbar puncture, typically resolves with conservative management. Symptoms persist in a minority of patients, necessitating an epidural blood patch. One method of decreasing rates of postdural puncture headache is using atraumatic, pencil-point needles rather than bevel-tip needles.

Understanding the facilitators and barriers to integrating trachoma interventions into routine health systems.

Identifying context-specific barriers to integration is essential to achieve the elimination of trachoma as a public health problem.

Multiply marginalized: Linking minority stress due to sexual orientation, gender, and weight to dysregulated eating among sexual minority women of higher body weight.

Objective: This study assessed whether baseline levels of distal and proximal minority stressors related to sexual orientation, gender, and weight were associated with prospective risk for dysregulated eating in daily life among sexual minority women with overweight/obesity.

Methods: Fifty-five sexual minority women ages 18-60 ( = 25 ± 9) with BMI > 25kg/m ( = 32 ± 5) completed baseline assessments of distal and proximal minority stressors due to sexual orientation, gender, and weight. Participants then completed an Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) protocol.

The Creation of a Program of Engagement and Outreach for COVID-19 Among African Americans Through Community-Academic Partnerships.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minority groups in the U.S. Over a 7-week period in late 2020, with funding from the NC Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities, the West Greenville Health Council (WGHC), a community-academic, non-profit partnership, engaged and activated a 27-member organizational partnership network for COVID-19 health communication and personal protective equipment (PPE) distribution in African American communities in Eastern North Carolina.

A protocol for retrospective translational science case studies of health interventions.

The critical processes driving successful research translation remain understudied. We describe a mixed-method case study protocol for analyzing translational research that has led to the successful development and implementation of innovative health interventions. An overarching goal of these case studies is to describe systematically the chain of events between basic, fundamental scientific discoveries and the adoption of evidence-based health applications, including description of varied, long-term impacts.

Comparison of Face Washing and Face Wiping Methods for Trachoma Control: A Pilot Study.

Eye-to-eye transmission of , the causative agent of trachoma, may be plausibly interrupted if faces are kept free of ocular and nasal discharge. Between April and June 2018, 83 children aged 1-9 years with active trachoma were recruited from 62 households and allocated to a face cleaning protocol: face washing with water, face washing with water and soap, or face wiping. Faces were examined for the presence of ocular and nasal discharge, and swabs were taken from faces and hands to test for at baseline, immediately post protocol, and after 1, 2, and 4 hours (washing protocols).

Field-Testing and Refinement of the Organisational Health Literacy Responsiveness Self-Assessment (Org-HLR) Tool and Process.

Health literacy refers to the skills and knowledge that influence a person's ability to access, understand and use information to make health-related decisions, which are influenced by the complexity of their health needs and the demands health services place on them. The aim of this study was to field-test the Organisational Health Literacy Responsiveness (Org-HLR) tool and process to determine their utility in assessing health literacy responsiveness and for supporting organisations to plan health literacy-related improvement activities. Four organisations in Victoria, Australia, field-tested the Org-HLR tool.