Athlete Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators Abuse: A Systematic Review.

Background: Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are small-molecule compounds that exert agonist and antagonist effects on androgen receptors in a tissue-specific fashion. Because of their performance-enhancing implications, SARMs are increasingly abused by athletes. To date, SARMs have no Food and Drug Administration approved use, and recent case reports associate the use of SARMs with deleterious effects such as drug-induced liver injury, myocarditis, and tendon rupture.

Probing the origins of subjective confidence in source memory decisions in young and older adults: A sequential sampling account.

Subjective confidence is an important factor in our decision making, but how confidence arises is a matter of debate. A number of computational models have been proposed that integrate confidence into sequential sampling models of decision making, in which evidence accumulates across time to a threshold. An influential example of this approach is the relative balance of evidence hypothesis, in which confidence is determined by the amount of evidence for the choice that was made compared to the evidence for all possible choices.

A Media Literacy Education Approach to Sexual Health Promotion: Immediate Effects of on the Sexual Health Cognitions of Young Adult Community College Students.

This study evaluates the efficacy of , a comprehensive sex education program with a media literacy education approach, for improving sexual health cognitions among 1139 U.S. community college students (ages 18-19) from 23 campuses.

Collaborative Section-Based DNP Project Faculty Workload Model.

Background: The Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree culminates in the DNP project, a scholarly project aimed at enhancing health care systems aligned with national standards. While DNP projects are valued, they pose challenges due to resource-intensive demands including faculty time and effort.

Problem: Faculty workload models related to DNP projects have not kept pace with increasing enrollment and program expectations.

Examining resources to promote sexual health and address sexual violence at community colleges across the United States: a qualitative study.

To explore resources and approaches that exist at community colleges to promote student sexual health and prevent/respond to sexual violence. Administrators, faculty, and staff involved in efforts to promote sexual and relationship health (SRH) at community colleges across the U.S.

Inflammatory vaginitis in women with multiple sclerosis: a retrospective analysis of B-cell depleting therapy compared to other disease modifying therapies.

This study investigates the occurrence of inflammatory vaginitis in women with Multiple Sclerosis (wwMS) undergoing B-cell depleting therapy versus other disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). Retrospective analysis of medical records from Stanford University between 2015-2023 shows similar rates of vaginitis in both groups, suggesting no significant association with B-cell therapy. Despite this, inflammatory vaginitis remains prevalent in both treatment groups, warranting further investigation into its mechanisms and management.

A comparison between numeric confidence ratings and verbal confidence statements.

Is confidence most diagnostic of accuracy when expressed in numbers or when expressed in words? This question bears immense importance in many real-world contexts especially within the confines of eyewitness identification. In an eyewitness identification task, we compared the diagnostic value of numeric confidence across rating scales that varied in grain size (3-point vs. 6-point vs.

Listening to Mom in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A randomized trial of increased maternal speech exposure on white matter connectivity in infants born preterm.

Background: Early speech experiences have been proposed to contribute to the development of brain structures involved in processing spoken language. However, previous research has been limited to correlational studies. Here, we conducted an RCT with preterm neonates to determine whether increased exposure to maternal speech during NICU hospitalization is causally linked to structural white matter maturation.

Evaluation of the Impact of the Addition of Atypical Antipsychotics to Continuous Infusion Propofol Therapy.

The administration of sedatives to critically ill patients is a common practice in intensive care units (ICU) and has been associated with negative outcomes. To mitigate this, atypical antipsychotics are utilized as adjunctive therapy. This study aims to review and quantify overall effectiveness of the atypical antipsychotics quetiapine, risperidone, and olanzapine on reduction in the amount of continuous infusion propofol utilized in the ICU.

Thermal Stabilisation of Lysozyme through Ensilication.

Protein therapeutics, vaccines, and other commercial products are often sensitive to environmental factors, such as temperature and long-term storage. In many cases, long-term protein stability is achieved by refrigeration or freezing. One alternative is the encapsulation of the protein cargo within an inert silica matrix (ensilication) and storage or transport at room temperature as a dry powder.

miR-495 promotes intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis through downregulation of Sphingosine-1-phosphate.

Many pathological conditions lead to defects in intestinal epithelial integrity and loss of barrier function; Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has been shown to augment intestinal barrier integrity, though the exact mechanisms are not completely understood. We have previously shown that overexpression of Sphingosine Kinase 1 (SphK1), the rate limiting enzyme for S1P synthesis, significantly increased S1P production and cell proliferation. Here we show that microRNA 495 (miR-495) upregulation led to decreased levels of SphK1 resultant from a direct effect at the SphK1 mRNA.

Comparing human evaluations of eyewitness statements to a machine learning classifier under pristine and suboptimal lineup administration procedures.

Recent work highlights the ability of verbal machine learning classifiers to distinguish between accurate and inaccurate recognition memory decisions (Dobbins, 2022; Dobbins & Kantner, 2019; Seale-Carlisle, Grabman, & Dodson, 2022). Given the surge of interest in these modeling techniques, there is an urgent need to investigate verbal classifiers' limitations - particularly in applied contexts such as when police collect eyewitness's confidence statements. We find that confirmatory feedback (e.

An examination of the sexual health behaviors and cognitions of young U.S. community college students with respect to the intersection of gender and sexual identity.

To assess the sexual health of young community college students so that health promotion priorities can be identified and tailored programming can be implemented for this understudied population. A national sample of 1,678 community college students. Survey data was analyzed to understand trends in sexual health - including differences by gender and sexual identity.

Patients' under 25 subjective readiness to return to sport after ACL reconstruction with bone-patellar-bone grafts: Autograft vs. allograft.

Purpose: To assess the difference in perceived readiness to return to sport (RTS) within the first year postoperative period between individuals undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) autografts or allografts.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of patients undergoing primary ACL reconstruction done either with BTB autograft or allograft from 2010 to 2018. Skeletally mature patients aged 14 to 25 were eligible for inclusion.

Lower Opioid Prescription Quantity Does Not Negatively Impact Pain Control or Patient Satisfaction After ACL Reconstruction: A Randomized, Prospective Trial.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different quantities of prescribed opioid tablets on patient opioid utilization, postoperative pain and function, and satisfaction after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Methods: This was a prospective, randomized trial enrolling patients undergoing primary ACLR. Patients were assigned to 1 of 3 prescription groups: 15, 25, or 35 tablets containing 5-mg oxycodone.

Unskilled, underperforming, or unaware? Testing three accounts of individual differences in metacognitive monitoring.

Many studies show that competence (e.g., skill, expertise, natural ability) influences individuals' capabilities of monitoring their item-level performance.

Prenatal allergic inflammation in rats confers sex-specific alterations to oxytocin and vasopressin innervation in social brain regions.

Prenatal exposure to inflammation via maternal infection, allergy, or autoimmunity increases one's risk for developing neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Many of these disorders are associated with altered social behavior, yet the mechanisms underlying inflammation-induced social impairment remain unknown. We previously found that a rat model of acute allergic maternal immune activation (MIA) produced deficits like those found in MIA-linked disorders, including impairments in juvenile social play behavior.

In Vivo Effect of Partial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tear Location on Ulnohumeral Joint Gapping With Stress Ultrasound in Baseball Pitchers.

Background: Stress ultrasonography (SUS) has provided clinicians with an alternative means of evaluating ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury by dynamically assessing ulnohumeral joint space gapping under applied valgus stress. However, 3 previous cadaveric studies have evaluated the biomechanical effect of partial UCL tears at different anatomic locations with conflicting results.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to use in vivo data from patients with magnetic resonance (MR)-confirmed partial UCL tears to determine if anatomic partial tear location influenced the resultant stability of the elbow in terms of ulnohumeral joint gapping on SUS.

Hyperactivity in patients with narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia: an exploratory study.

Introduction: Patients with either Idiopathic Hypersomnia or Narcolepsy demonstrate excessive daytime somnolence (EDS) with resultant inattention mimicking Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Patients with ADHD also often express sleep problems including EDS. Thus, patients with ADHD and patients with idiopathic hypersomnia or narcolepsy may share inattention and daytime drowsiness as common features.

Transverse Myelitis in Naloxone Reversible Acute Respiratory Failure-A Case Report.

Unlabelled: Transverse myelitis (TM) is a rare inflammatory myelopathy presenting as bilateral neurologic deficit localized to the spinal cord. A critical management step in the emergency department (ED) is evaluating for and treating acute reversible causes such as mass lesion or reversible ischemia when present. Described in this case report is TM presenting after a respiratory arrest in suspected opioid overdose.

Novel Gene-Modified Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy Reverses Impaired Wound Healing in Ischemic Limbs.

Objective: Here, we report a new method to increase the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) for ischemic wound healing. We tested biological effects of MSCs modified with E-selectin, a cell adhesion molecule capable of inducing postnatal neovascularization, on a translational murine model.

Background: Tissue loss significantly worsens the risk of extremity amputation for patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia.