Disparities exist among US adolescents in the receipt of transition to adult healthcare services: the differential impact of social determinants of health, healthcare needs, and COVID-19.

Introduction: We examined the influence of special healthcare needs, onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, and their interaction on receiving transition services to prepare for future adult care among US adolescents, and whether social determinants of health moderated the relationship of these factors with receiving transition services.

Methods: We analyzed the National Survey of Children's Health (2019, 2020-2021) using adjusted multivariable logistic regression models. We assessed a repeated cross-sectional, nationally representative sample of adolescents aged 12-17 years old.

Molten Metal Synthesis of Nanographenes.

This manuscript describes a simple and effective method to cyclodehydrogenate arenes using liquid alkali metals. Direct reaction between molten potassium and arenes forms 6-membered rings and zigzag edged structures within polyarenes. The approach is extended to integration of pyridinic nitrogen and 5-membered rings to arene structures and synthesis of larger, open-shell nanographenes.

Preliminary clinical evaluation (PCE): A transnational scoping review of current radiography practice.

Introduction: Image interpretation by radiographers has gained widespread recognition; however, current evidence provides very limited knowledge of the state and scope of practice transnationally. This study therefore sought to explore the current state and scope of preliminary clinical evaluation (PCE) practice to further understand international best practices in terms of policy, training and education, and practice competence of radiographers when carrying out PCE.

Method: A comprehensive literature search was completed via federated electronic databases (EBSCOhost and Web of Science) and professional radiography platforms for journal articles and policy or practice guidance documents, respectively.

Mobile App-Facilitated Collaborative Palliative Care Intervention for Critically Ill Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Few person-centered, scalable models of collaborative intensive care unit (ICU) clinician-palliative care specialist care exist.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a collaborative palliative care intervention compared to usual care among family members of patients in the ICU.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This parallel-group randomized clinical trial with patient-level randomization was conducted between April 2021 and September 2023.

Perinatal palliative care in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.

Background: 2.4 million neonatal deaths and 2.6 million stillbirths occur each year.

Family communication and courageous coping in Korean adolescents and young adults: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer are a vulnerable population during a critical developmental transition that can benefit from the adoption of courageous coping. Parental support is crucial in enhancing adjustment and coping skills. The linkage between parent-adolescent communication (PAC) and the use of courageous coping (UCC), however, remains unclear.

Improvements to mood, stress and loneliness following 12-week multivitamin supplementation in older adults: a randomised, placebo-controlled, trial.

Background: Research has indicated the potential for multivitamin-mineral (MVM) supplementation to improve aspects of wellbeing and cognitive function in older adults via a range of biological mechanisms. However, outside of cognitive function and mood, this research rarely assesses other outcomes that are pertinent to the daily lives of older adults. The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a MVM supplement on meaningful outcomes of everyday functioning in older adults.

Physician Perspectives on the Nonclinical Factors That Contribute to Decision-Making for Advanced Prostate Cancer Care: A Qualitative Study.

Introduction: Promising new treatments exist for advanced prostate cancer. Decision-making is complicated: there is minimal comparative effectiveness data; differing routes of administration, drug mechanisms-of-action and side effects; and significant price differences. These challenges contribute to variations in care and quality, treatment disparities, and lack of concordance with patient values.

Origin of Reactivity Trends of an Elusive Metathesis Intermediate from NMR Chemical Shift Analysis of Surrogate Analogues.

Olefin metathesis has become an efficient tool in synthetic organic chemistry to build carbon-carbon bonds, thanks to the development of Grubbs- and Schrock-type catalysts. Olefin coordination, a key and often rate-determining elementary step for d Schrock-type catalysts, has been rarely explored due to the lack of accessible relevant molecular analogues. Herein, we present a fully characterized surrogate of this key olefin-coordination intermediate, namely, a cationic d tungsten oxo-methylidene complex bearing two -heterocyclic carbene ligands─[WO(CH)Cl(IMes)](OTf) () (IMes = 1,3-dimesitylimidazole-2-ylidene, OTf-triflate counteranion), resulting in a trigonal bipyramidal (TBP) geometry, along with its neutral octahedral analogue [WO(CH)Cl(IMes)] ()─and an isostructural oxo-methylidyne derivative [WO(CH)Cl(IMes)] ().

Transition of Intensive Care Unit Patients and Their Families to Home After Acute Hospital Care.

Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) increasingly are expected to eventually return home after acute hospital care. Yet transitional care for ICU patients and their families is often delayed until the patient is about to be transferred to another location or level of care. Transitions theory is a middle-range nursing theory that aims to provide guidance for safe and effective nursing care and research while an individual experiences a transition.

Perinatal loss in Tanzania: Perspectives of maternal-child healthcare providers.

Over 98% of stillbirths and neonatal deaths occur in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, such as Tanzania. Despite the profound burden of perinatal loss in these regions, access to facility or community-based palliative and psychosocial care is poor and understudied. In this study we explore perinatal loss through the lens of front-line healthcare providers, to better understand the knowledge and beliefs that guide their engagement with bereaved families.

Feasibility and acceptability of measuring positivity resonance in nurse-patient telehealth videoconferencing visits: A mixed-methods observational study.

Aim: To investigate the feasibility and acceptability of the training process, procedures, measures and recruitment strategies necessary for a future investigation to test the reliability and validity of using positivity resonance measures in health care encounters.

Background: Although the measurement of positivity resonance is promising, and non-participant observation is considered effective, their approaches to studying nurse-patient relationships have not been fully explored.

Design: A mixed-methods observational study.

Metadynamics simulations reveal alloying-dealloying processes for bimetallic PdGa nanoparticles under CO hydrogenation.

Supported bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) often display improved catalytic performances (activity and/or selectivity). Yet, structure-activity relationships are difficult to derive due to the multitude of possible compositions, interfaces and alloys. This is notably true for bimetallic NPs used in the selective hydrogenation of CO to methanol, where the NPs respond dynamically to the chemical potential of the reactants and products.

Racial Differences in Shared Decision-Making About Critical Illness.

Importance: Shared decision-making is the preferred method for evaluating complex tradeoffs in the care of patients with critical illness. However, it remains unknown whether critical care clinicians engage diverse patients and caregivers equitably in shared decision-making.

Objective: To compare critical care clinicians' approaches to shared decision-making in recorded conversations with Black and White caregivers of patients with critical illness.

Ag NMR chemical shift as a descriptor for Brønsted acidity from molecules to materials.

Molecular-level understanding of the acid/base properties of heterogeneous catalysts requires the development of selective spectroscopic probes to establish structure-activity relationships. In this work we show that substituting the surface protons in oxide supports by isolobal N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) Ag cations and measuring their Ag nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signatures enables to probe the speciation and to evaluate the corresponding Brønsted acidity of the substituted OH surface sites. Specifically, a series of silver N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) Ag(i) complexes of general formula [(NHC)AgX] are synthesized and characterized, showing that the Ag NMR chemical shift of the series correlates with the Brønsted acidity of the conjugate acid of X (, HX), thus establishing an acidity scale based on Ag NMR chemical shift.

Use of removable support boot versus cast for early mobilisation after ankle fracture surgery: cost-effectiveness analysis and qualitative findings of the Ankle Recovery Trial (ART).

Objectives: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of using a removable boot versus a cast following ankle fracture from the National Health Service and Personal Social Services (NHS+PSS) payer and societal perspectives and explore the impact of both treatments on participants' activities of daily living.

Design: Cost-effectiveness analyses and qualitative interviews performed alongside a pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Eight UK NHS secondary care trusts.

Mobile Application-Based Communication Facilitation Platform for Family Members of Critically Ill Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Unmet and racially disparate palliative care needs are common in intensive care unit (ICU) settings.

Objective: To test the effect of a primary palliative care intervention vs usual care control both overall and by family member race.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cluster randomized clinical trial was conducted at 6 adult medical and surgical ICUs in 2 academic and community hospitals in North Carolina between April 2019 and May 2022 with physician-level randomization and sequential clusters of 2 Black patient-family member dyads and 2 White patient-family member dyads enrolled under each physician.

A Hybrid Pragmatic and Factorial Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial for an Anti-racist, Multilevel Intervention to Improve Mental Health Equity in High Schools.

Systemic racism is pervasive in US society and disproportionately limits opportunities for education, work, and health for historically marginalized and minoritized racial and ethnic groups, making it an urgent issue of social justice. Because systemic racism is a social determinant of health prevalent across multiple social and institutional structures, it requires multilevel intervention approaches using effective designs and analytic methods to measure and evaluate outcomes. Racism is a fundamental cause of poor health outcomes, including mental health outcomes; thus, mental health services and programs that address racism and discrimination are key to promoting positive mental health of racial and ethnic minority youth.

The Acute and Chronic Effects of Lion's Mane Mushroom Supplementation on Cognitive Function, Stress and Mood in Young Adults: A Double-Blind, Parallel Groups, Pilot Study.

Background: Given the bioactive properties and limited work to date, (Lion's mane) shows promise in improving cognitive function and mood. However, much of the human research has concentrated on chronic supplementation in cognitively compromised cohorts.

Objective: The current pilot study investigated the acute and chronic (28-day) cognitive and mood-enhancing effects of in a healthy, young adult cohort.

Geometry and Local Environment of Surface Sites in Vanadium-Based Ziegler-Natta Catalysts from V Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy.

Since its emergence over 50 years ago, the structure of surface sites in Ziegler-Natta catalysts, which are responsible for a major fraction of the world's supply of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), has remained elusive. This is in part due to the complexity of these systems that involve multiple synthetic steps and components, namely, the MgCl support, a transition-metal chloride, and several organic modifiers, known as donors, that are used prior and in some instances during the activation step with alkyl aluminum. Due to the favorable nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) properties of V and its use in Ziegler-Natta catalysts, we utilize V solid-state NMR spectroscopy to investigate the structure of VOCl on MgCl(thf).

Combining Atomic Layer Deposition with Surface Organometallic Chemistry to Enhance Atomic-Scale Interactions and Improve the Activity and Selectivity of Cu-Zn/SiO Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of CO to Methanol.

The direct synthesis of methanol via the hydrogenation of CO, if performed efficiently and selectively, is potentially a powerful technology for CO mitigation. Here, we develop an active and selective Cu-Zn/SiO catalyst for the hydrogenation of CO by introducing copper and zinc onto dehydroxylated silica via surface organometallic chemistry and atomic layer deposition, respectively. At 230 °C and 25 bar, the optimized catalyst shows an intrinsic methanol formation rate of 4.

Clinical Application of a Peer Coaching Intervention to Enhance Self-Management for Adolescents and Young Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to characterize the current evidence base related to peer support interventions for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to describe a peer support program to enhance self-management for AYAs with IBD through a case study. There is strong theory and compelling evidence suggesting that AYAs with IBD could benefit from and are interested in receiving peer support to enhance self-management; however, literature on peer support interventions for AYAs with IBD is lacking.

Methods: This study (a) presents a topical review describing qualitative factors AYAs with IBD would seek in a peer support program as well as existing peer support programs for this population, (b) presents an innovative one-to-one peer support program targeting self-management through a case study, and (c) discusses clinical implications and directions for future research.

Developing Versatile Contactors for Direct Air Capture of CO through Amine Grafting onto Alumina Pellets and Alumina Wash-Coated Monoliths.

The optimization of the air-solid contactor is critical to improve the efficiency of the direct air capture (DAC) process. To enable comparison of contactors and therefore a step toward optimization, two contactors are prepared in the form of pellets and wash-coated honeycomb monoliths. The desired amine functionalities are successfully incorporated onto these industrially relevant pellets by means of a procedure developed for powders, providing materials with a CO uptake not influenced by the morphology and the structure of the materials according to the sorption measurements.

Group 10 Metal Allyl Amidinates: A Family of Readily Accessible and Stable Molecular Precursors to Generate Supported Nanoparticles.

The synthesis of well-defined materials as model systems for catalysis and related fields is an important pillar in the understanding of catalytic processes at a molecular level. Various approaches employing organometallic precursors have been developed and established to make monodispersed supported nanoparticles, nanocrystals, and films. Using rational design principles, a new family of precursors based on group 10 metals suitable for the generation of small and monodispersed nanoparticles on metal oxides has been developed.