Topical insulin to treat a conjunctival defect after glaucoma surgery: A case report.

Purpose: Insulin has been postulated as a novel and effective treatment for re-epithelialization of the ocular surface and different pathologies have been suggested as possible indications.

Observations: A 69-year-old diabetic male was referred for a left non-healing conjunctival epithelial defect over the superotemporal scleral patch used in the placement of the Ahmed ClearPath. In the left eye, he was on latanoprost/timolol once daily, prednisolone 1 % once daily and tobramycin/dexamethasone ointment at night.

Efficacy of gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy in advanced-age glaucoma patients.

Background: The prevalence and severity of many etiologies of glaucoma increase with age, often requiring surgery later in life. Surgery in the most aged demographic, however, poses multiple unique physiologic and psychosocial challenges with variable outcomes. In this study, we evaluate the efficacy and safety of gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) in an advanced-age population (>85 years of age).

Safety and efficacy of micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation: 2-year follow-up in a tertiary Canadian centre.

Objective: To describe the long-term results of patients undergoing micropulse cyclophotocoagulation (MPCPC).

Methods: Retrospective review of patients undergoing MPCPC with 1 surgeon between July 2016 and January 2017. Data collected included preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), number of medications, daily acetazolamide use, and whether inferior, superior, or circumferential MPCPC was performed.

A mixed method study to explore the maternal impact and outcomes of a specialist Building Attachment and Bonds Service (The BABS Study).

Our intent was to explore if maternal anxiety, depression, reflective functioning and level of attachment significantly changed after the Building Bonds and Attachment Service (BABS) Intervention. We measured outcomes for 46 at risk mothers via HADS; MAAS; MPAS and P-PRFQ. Our findings, triangulated with 32 semi structured interviews identified that BABS intervention made a significant difference to participants who were admitted during the antenatal period (Pregnant group: depression 9.

Utilizing a responsive web portal for studying disc tracing agreement in retinal images.

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide whose detection is based on multiple factors, including measuring the cup to disc ratio, retinal nerve fiber layer and visual field defects. Advances in image processing and machine learning have allowed the development of automated approached for segmenting objects from fundus images. However, to build a robust system, a reliable ground truth dataset is required for proper training and validation of the model.

Analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Pediatric Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (FP8) in Advanced Age Populations.

Precis: The FP8 glaucoma valve was demonstrated to be reasonably safe with reliable results in an advanced age patient population.

Purpose: As life expectancy increases, a growing number of patients with glaucoma are of an advanced age. There are little to no data looking at glaucoma surgical treatment options in patients over the age of 85.

Face and content validity of an artificial eye model for Ab-Interno Goniotomy.

Purpose: To determine the face and content validity of an artificial eye model for ab-interno goniotomy (SimulEYE KDB model, InsEYEt, Westlake Village, CA) by surveying ophthalmologists with varying experience using a Kahook Dual Blade (KDB; New World Medical, Rancho Cucamonga, CA, USA) following a 90-min wet-lab course using the model.

Participants: Overall 13 ophthalmologists participated following a surgical simulation session on goniotomy using the goniotomy blade at the 2019 Canadian Ophthalmological Society annual meeting.

Methods: A 17-question survey to assess the face and content validity of the model was given immediately following the surgical simulation session on goniotomy using the goniotomy blade.

Ab Interno Canaloplasty in Open-angle Glaucoma Patients Combined With In Vivo Trypan Blue Aqueous Venography.

Purpose: To demonstrate canalogram patterns observed when trypan blue tracer is combined with oculoviscoelastic device during ab interno canaloplasty, and discuss surgical results and potential implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.

Methods: This is a retrospective small case series study.

Results: The authors performed this procedure on 5 patients with informed consent with 4 to 18 months of follow-up.

The quantitative prevalence of creaky voice (vocal fry) in varieties of English: A systematic review of the literature.

Background/aim: It is widely believed that 'creaky voice' ('creak', 'vocal fry', 'glottal fry') is increasingly prevalent among some English speakers, particularly among young American women. Motivated by the widespread and cross-disciplinary interest in the phenomenon, this paper offers a systematic review of peer-reviewed research (up to January 2019) on the prevalence of creaky voice in varieties of English. The review aimed to understand whose and what speech has been studied, how creaky voice prevalence has been measured, and what the findings collectively reveal.

Developing logic models to inform public health policy outcome evaluation: an example from tobacco control.

Background: The evaluation of large-scale public health policy interventions often relies on observational designs where attributing causality is challenging. Logic models-visual representations of an intervention's anticipated causal pathway-facilitate the analysis of the most relevant outcomes. We aimed to develop a set of logic models that could be widely used in tobacco policy evaluation.

Voice Onset Time and beyond: Exploring laryngeal contrast in 19 languages.

In this special collection entitled , we have compiled eleven studies investigating the voicing contrast in 19 languages. The collection provides extensive data obtained from 270 speakers across those languages, examining VOT and other acoustic, aerodynamic and articulatory measures. The languages studied may be divided into four groups: 'aspirating' languages with a two-way contrast (English, three varieties of German); 'true voicing' languages with a two-way contrast (Russian, Turkish, Brazilian Portuguese, two Iranian languages Pashto and Wakhi); languages with a three-way contrast (Thai, Vietnamese, Khmer, Yerevan Armenia, three Indo-Aryan languages, Dawoodi, Punjabi and Shina, and Burushaki spoken in India); and Indo-Aryan languages with a more than three-way contrast (Jangli and Urdu with a four-way contrast, and Sindhi and Siraiki with a five-way contrast).

Dural carotid cavernous fistula following hypertensive emergency.

A 58-year-old woman was referred to the outpatient ophthalmology clinic with progressive bilateral eye redness and vision loss. She had presented 2 weeks earlier with an episode of hypertensive emergency. CT angiography revealed bilateral superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) dilation, prompting further workup with a cerebral angiogram.

Retrospective analysis of ophthalmology consults to a tertiary academic teaching centre.

Objective: This study was conducted to analyse data from emergency ophthalmology referrals after-hours from different hospitals to identify the most common pathologies and compare accuracy of diagnoses. The primary objective was to identify common presenting entities and common causes of misdiagnosis in the emergency department to help guide education initiatives.

Design: This was a retrospective chart review that looked at consults occurring between September 1, 2015, and October 21, 2016.

EN FACE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AND OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY OF INNER RETINAL DIMPLES AFTER INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE PEELING FOR FULL-THICKNESS MACULAR HOLES.

Purpose: To quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the microvascular and structural abnormalities associated with inner retinal dimpling after internal limiting membrane peeling for full-thickness macular holes using sequential en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography.

Methods: Thirteen eyes of 13 patients with idiopathic full-thickness macular holes were enrolled in the study. Patients were treated with pars plana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling, and gas tamponade.

CONVERSION OF FOCAL CHOROIDAL EXCAVATION WITH THE ONSET OF CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY: REPORT OF 2 CASES AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.

Purpose: To describe two cases of focal choroidal excavation (FCE) conversion in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy.

Methods: Case report and literature review of cases of FCE conversion.

Results: A 35-year-old asymptomatic pregnant patient was found to have conforming FCE on spectral domain optical coherence tomography of the right eye during hydroxychloroquine screening.

Prospective analysis of emergency ophthalmic referrals in a Canadian tertiary teaching hospital.

Objective: This study was conducted to analyze data from emergency ophthalmology referrals after hours from different hospitals to identify the most common pathologies and compare accuracy of diagnoses. Additionally, examination findings, including visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and pupils from referring service and ophthalmic examination, were compared to assess agreement.

Design: This was a prospective study that reviewed information collected from referring services to the emergency on-call ophthalmology service and compared it with ophthalmic examination between February 2017 and July 2017.

Missed Connections at the Junction of Sociolinguistics and Speech Processing.

In recent years, significant momentum has built up in efforts to integrate the social with the cognitive in theoretical models of speech production/processing and phonological representation. While acknowledging these advances, we argue that what limits our ability to elaborate models of processing and representation in which social-indexical properties of speech are effectively integrated is that we remain some way from fully understanding how these properties are manifested within spoken interaction in the first place. We explore some of these limitations, drawing on data from a study of sociophonetic variability in a population of speakers of Australian English.

Test Characteristics of Point-of-care Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of Retinal Detachment in the Emergency Department.

Background: Previous studies of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) have reported high sensitivities and specificities for retinal detachment (RD). Our primary objective was to assess the test characteristics of POCUS performed by a large heterogeneous group of emergency physicians (EPs) for the diagnosis of RD.

Methods: This was a prospective diagnostic test assessment of POCUS performed by EPs with varying ultrasound experience on a convenience sample of emergency department (ED) patients presenting with flashes or floaters in one or both eyes.

Structural approaches to knowledge exchange: comparing practices across five centres of excellence in public health.

Background: In 2008, five UKCRC Public Health Research Centres of Excellence were created to develop a coordinated approach to policy and practice engagement and knowledge exchange. The five Centres have developed their own models and practices for achieving these aims, which have not been compared in detail to date.

Methods: We applied an extended version of Saner's model for the interface between science and policy to compare five case studies of knowledge exchanges, one from each centre.

Bilateral carotid cavernous sinus fistula: a case report and review of the literature.

Carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) is an abnormal vascular shunt from the carotid artery to the cavernous sinus. They are commonly classified based on hemodynamics, etiology or anatomically. Hemodynamic classification refers to whether the fistula is high or low flow.

INCREASED PHOTORECEPTOR OUTER SEGMENT VOLUME FOLLOWING SYSTEMIC TREATMENT OF BIRDSHOT CHORIORETINOPATHY.

Purpose: Retinal degeneration in birdshot chorioretinopathy can be quantified using spectral domain optical coherence tomography by measuring the photoreceptor outer segment (PROS) volume. The purpose of this study was to determine if the PROS volume in BSCR responds to systemic immunomodulatory therapy (IMT).

Methods: Retrospective chart review with analysis of PROS volume derived from spectral domain optical coherence tomography.