A meta-analysis of the efficacy of cognitive therapy for depression.

In meta-analysis format the effectiveness of Beck's cognitive therapy for depression was reviewed. Twenty-eight studies were identified that used a common outcome measure of depression, and comparisons of cognitive therapy with other therapeutic modalities were made. The results document a greater degree of change for cognitive therapy compared with a waiting list or no-treatment control, pharmacotherapy, behavior therapy, and other psychotherapies.

Effects of prolonged naloxone infusion in septic shock.

Fourteen patients suffering sixteen episodes of septic shock requiring inotrope and/or vasopressor support were randomised to receive a 30 micrograms/kg naloxone intravenous bolus followed by a 30 micrograms/kg/h infusion or an equivalent volume placebo bolus and infusion for 8-16 h in a double-blind study. pH and pulmonary wedge pressure were kept constant, and inotrope and/or vasopressor were titrated to maintain a preselected mean blood pressure. Inotrope/vasopressor requirements in the naloxone-treated group were significantly lower than those in the control group at 8 h (eight patients in each group, p less than 0.

Syringes versus minibags as an intravenous admixture system: a comparison of cost and nursing preference.

The implementation of centralized intravenous admixture programs in Canadian hospitals has been hindered by the high costs associated with such programs. The most popular system uses minibags as an admixture base but other less expensive alternatives are being investigated. This study examines the material and labour costs associated with preparing admixtures in either minibags or polypropylene syringes.

Marital and social adjustment in depressed and remarried women.

The current study investigated the hypothesis that marital and social adjustment deficits would be observed in married women who had been depressed previously. Three groups of subjects, currently depressed (N = 12), remitted (N = 12), and nondepressed (N = 12), who met criteria for participation completed the Dyadic Adjustment Scale and the Social Adjustment Scale. The results revealed that any residual social adjustment deficit in the remitted group was confined to social and leisure adjustment.

Effect of indomethacin on arterial oxygenation in critically ill patients with severe bacterial pneumonia.

The effect of indomethacin (1 mg/kg) on gas exchange was studied in ten patients with hypoxaemic respiratory failure precipitated by bacterial pneumonia. Mean arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) improved significantly (79 +/- 16 mm Hg to 98 +/- 20 mm Hg) but the response varied between patients: five showed substantial responses (27-42 mm Hg), three lesser responses (7-9 mm Hg), and two no response. Similar changes were found in the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient and the ratio of PaO2 to fractional inspired oxygen concentration.

The interactional model of anxiety: an evaluation of the differential hypothesis.

The interactional model of anxiety states that individuals who score high on trait anxiety measure for a specific situation dimension will respond with elevated state anxiety only in reaction to encounters with congruent situations. We tested this model by presenting subjects who scored high or low on ego threat, physical danger, novelty ambiguity, and daily routine trait measures with stressors representative of the four situation dimensions. The interactional model was partially supported for ego threat trait anxiety.

Hemodynamic management in clinical acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Dopamine vs dobutamine.

We investigated short-term hemodynamic effects of dopamine and dobutamine in eight patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. We tested the hypothesis that for a similar increase in cardiac output, left ventricular filling pressure (pulmonary capillary wedge pressure [PCWP]) would increase with dopamine and decrease with dobutamine. Dopamine increased cardiac output (p less than 0.

The role of activity level and cognition in depressed mood in a university sample.

This study examined the role of activity level and cognition on mood by contrasting a monitor only (N = 22), increase pleasant events (N = 20), and increase pleasant events plus focusing on event pleasantness (N = 23) groups over a 2-week period. The results show that subjects who were instructed to increase their number of pleasant events did so and obtained more pleasure as a result. The group which increased pleasant events and focused on event pleasantness also showed a significant decrease in level of depression.

Reliability of a measure of the quality of cognitive therapy.

This study investigates some of the psychometric properties of the Cognitive Therapy Scale (CTS) using a sample of experienced psychotherapists. Four raters, experienced in cognitive therapy, rated a total of 21 independent, videotaped psychotherapy sessions, and provided ratings along the dimensions of therapist competence measured by the CTS. Analyses included item intercorrelations, item-total correlations, and two assessments of inter-rater reliability.

An analysis of anxiety and depression scales.

The relationship between the constructs of anxiety and depression are examined through the administration of nine self-report scales to male and female undergraduates. The results showed strong correlations among all measures, and factor analyses revealed one major "psychological distress" factor for each sex. No sex differences were found on the measure employed.

Unusually severe food poisoning from vanilla slices.

Thirty six people suffered from severe vomiting and diarrhoea 15 min to 3 h after eating vanilla slices from the same bakery. Five patients were admitted to hospital, and one developed unusual skin lesions after admission. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in large numbers from vanilla slices of the same batch as those giving rise to symptoms, and from five faecal specimens obtained from affected persons.

Metabolic abnormalities associated with intentional theophylline overdose.

To verify the frequency and severity of metabolic abnormalities occurring as a result of intentional theophylline overdose, we retrospectively analyzed admission laboratory data from 22 cases of theophylline poisoning. Hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, and leukocytosis were frequent findings, and the magnitude of these abnormalities was related to the corresponding serum theophylline level. Although measurements were available for a smaller number of patients, respiratory alkalosis, hypophosphatemia, and hypomagnesemia were also common findings.

Effects of dopamine on cardiopulmonary function and left ventricular volumes in patients with acute respiratory failure.

We investigated cardiopulmonary effects of dopamine in patients with acute respiratory failure. Specifically, we wished to test the hypothesis that left ventricular filling pressure (Pcwp) would increase when cardiac output (CO) increased with dopamine. Dopamine (range, 5.

Protection of pregnant swine by vaccination against Leptospira infection.

The protection conferred on pregnant gilts by 2 commercially available leptospira interrogans serovars pomona and tarassovi bacterins was evaluated. Gilts vaccinated either 3, 6 or 12 months prior to natural challenge with L. interrogans serovar pomona had significantly lower abortion rates (2% vs 69%) and foetal mortality rates (14% vs 57%) than unvaccinated controls.