Retrospective cohort study of the economic value of providing microprocessor knees to the population of Medicare fee-for-service K2 beneficiaries with a knee disarticulation/above knee amputation.

Background: Microprocessor knees (MPKs) improve the functional mobility, quality of life, and safety of individuals with a knee disarticulation or above knee amputation and are cost-effective when adjusting for quality-of-life years gained. However, few studies have been conducted on the K2 population, and to this point, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has not covered MPKs for the K2 population.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which MPK provision to the K2 population is cost effective at the person and population levels.

Menopause age and type and dementia risk: a pooled analysis of 233 802 women.

Objectives: It is not clear whether the association between younger age at menopause and increased risk of dementia is modified by type of menopause. We examined the association of age at menopause or hysterectomy with dementia risk in three groups of women: those with natural menopause, premenopausal bilateral oophorectomy (surgical menopause) or premenopausal hysterectomy (without bilateral oophorectomy).

Study Design: Individual-level data from 233 802 women in five prospective cohort studies (from four countries) were harmonized and pooled.

Anthropogenic land consolidation intensifies zoonotic host diversity loss and disease transmission in human habitats.

Anthropogenic land-use change is an important driver of global biodiversity loss and threatens public health through biological interactions. Understanding these landscape-ecological effects at local scales will help achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by balancing urbanization, biodiversity and the spread of infectious diseases. Here, we address this knowledge gap by analysing a 43-year-long monthly dataset (1980-2022) of synanthropic rodents in Central China during intensive land-use change.

Estimating the rates of dementia using administrative data linked to cohort studies.

Background: Current estimates of dementia and Alzheimer's disease incidence and prevalence are required to understand the health needs of the elderly.

Objective: We used two Australia cohort studies, administrative datasets, and data linkage techniques to estimate dementia rates in Australia.

Methods: The study used Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health and the Health in Men Cohort Study.

Association of a history of depression with infertility, miscarriage and stillbirth: a longitudinal cohort study.

Aims: The role of depression in subsequent infertility, miscarriage and stillbirth remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the association of a history of depression with these adverse outcomes using a longitudinal cohort study of women across their reproductive life span.

Methods: This study used data from participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health who were born in 1973-1978.

Rapamycin's lifespan effect is modulated by mito-nuclear epistasis in Drosophila.

The macrolide drug rapamycin is a benchmark anti-ageing drug, which robustly extends lifespan of diverse organisms. For any health intervention, it is paramount to establish whether benefits are distributed equitably among individuals and populations, and ideally to match intervention to recipients' needs. However, how responses to rapamycin vary is surprisingly understudied.

Spatial Distribution and Birth Prevalence of Congenital Heart Disease in Iran: A Systematic Review and Hierarchical Bayesian Meta-analysis.

Background: This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the overall congenital heart disease (CHD) prevalence in live births and children in Iran, along with evaluating the spatial distribution of CHD birth prevalence across various geographical regions within the country.

Methods: A Bayesian hierarchical meta-analysis (PROSPERO 2022: CRD42022331281) was performed to determine the pooled prevalence. A systematic search was conducted using Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc), Scientific Information Database (SID), and Magiran until October 4, 2023.

Choices of measures of association affect the visualisation and composition of the multimorbidity networks.

Background: Network analysis, commonly used to describe the patterns of multimorbidity, uses the strength of association between conditions as weight to classify conditions into communities and calculate centrality statistics. Our aim was to examine the robustness of the results to the choice of weight.

Methods: Data used on 27 chronic conditions listed on Australian death certificates for women aged 85+.

Identification and expression of MarCE, a marine carboxylesterase with synthetic ester-degrading activity.

Carboxylic ester hydrolases with the capacity to degrade polyesters are currently highly sought after for their potential use in the biological degradation of PET and other chemically synthesized polymers. Here, we describe MarCE, a carboxylesterase family protein identified via genome mining of a Maribacter sp. isolate from the marine sponge Stelligera stuposa.

Transition between cardiometabolic conditions and body weight among women: which paths increase the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases?

Previous studies investigated the association of body weight and hypertension with risk of incident cardiometabolic multimorbidity. Our aim was to estimate the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease later in life for subjects with different progression patterns of overweight, obesity, and hypertension in mid-life. This was a prospective cohort study in which data from 12,784 participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health were used.

Healthcare providers' perceived barriers and facilitators to screening for intimate partner violence in pregnant women attending prenatal clinics.

Aim: To examine healthcare providers' extent of and perceived barriers and facilitators to screening for intimate partner violence in pregnant women attending prenatal clinics.

Design: Cross-sectional descriptive design was used to collect data from 130 healthcare providers.

Methods: Seventeen healthcare providers from 17 prenatal clinics in Kanungu district, Uganda, were recruited via convenience sampling to participate in an online survey implementing a modified Normalization Measure Development instrument.

Accelerating Progress Towards the 2030 Neglected Tropical Diseases Targets: How Can Quantitative Modeling Support Programmatic Decisions?

Over the past decade, considerable progress has been made in the control, elimination, and eradication of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Despite these advances, most NTD programs have recently experienced important setbacks; for example, NTD interventions were some of the most frequently and severely impacted by service disruptions due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Mathematical modeling can help inform selection of interventions to meet the targets set out in the NTD road map 2021-2030, and such studies should prioritize questions that are relevant for decision-makers, especially those designing, implementing, and evaluating national and subnational programs.

'Either something's wrong, or I'm a terrible parent': A systematic review of parent experiences of illness-related interpretations for unsettled babies.

Aims: To explore parents' experiences of unsettled babies and medical labels.

Design: Qualitative systematic review, thematic synthesis and development of a conceptual model.

Review Methods: Systematic review and thematic synthesis of primary, qualitative research into parents' experiences of unsettled babies <12 months of age.

Living with unsettled baby behaviours: Qualitative interview study exploring parental perceptions and experiences of help-seeking.

Aim: To explore parents' perceptions/experiences of help-seeking for unsettled baby behaviours, including views and experiences of obtaining advice from primary healthcare professionals.

Design: Semi-structured qualitative interviews.

Methods: Recruitment occurred via social media, general practice and health visiting teams.

Female reproductive histories and the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Female reproductive factors may influence the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) through the female hormonal environment, but studies on this topic are limited. This study aimed to assess whether age at menarche, number of children, infertility, miscarriage, stillbirth and age at natural menopause were associated with the risk of COPD.

Methods: Women from three cohorts with data on reproductive factors, COPD and covariates were included.

Health professionals' and beauty therapists' perspectives on female genital cosmetic surgery: an interview study.

Background: Female genital cosmetic surgery (FGCS) changes the structure and appearance of healthy external genitalia. We aimed to identify discourses that help explain and rationalise FGCS and to derive from them possibilities for informing clinical education.

Methods: We interviewed 16 health professionals and 5 non-health professionals who deal with women's bodies using a study-specific semi-structured interview guide.

Reducing antibiotic prescribing in general practice in Australia: a cluster randomised controlled trial of a multimodal intervention.

Background: The health and economic burden of antimicrobial resistance (in Australia is significant. Interventions that help guide and improve appropriate prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections in the community represent an opportunity to slow the spread of resistant bacteria. Clinicians who work in primary care are potentially the most influential health care professionals to address the problem of antimicrobial resistance, because this is where most antibiotics are prescribed.

in the gut microbiota buffers against host metabolic impacts of dietary preservative formula and batch variation in dietary yeast.

Gut microbiota are fundamentally important for healthy function in animal hosts. is a powerful system for understanding host-microbiota interactions, with modulation of the microbiota inducing phenotypic changes that are conserved across animal taxa. Qualitative differences in diet, such as preservatives and dietary yeast batch variation, may affect fly health indirectly via microbiota, and may potentially have hitherto uncharacterized effects directly on the fly.

Ethnic Differences in the Association Between Age at Natural Menopause and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Postmenopausal Women: A Pooled Analysis of Individual Data From 13 Cohort Studies.

Objective: To investigate associations between age at natural menopause, particularly premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) (natural menopause before age 40 years), and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) and identify any variations by ethnicity.

Research Design And Methods: We pooled individual-level data of 338,059 women from 13 cohort studies without T2D before menopause from six ethnic groups: White (n = 177,674), Chinese (n = 146,008), Japanese (n = 9,061), South/Southeast Asian (n = 2,228), Black (n = 1,838), and mixed/other (n = 1,250). Hazard ratios (HRs) of T2D associated with age at menopause were estimated in the overall sample and by ethnicity, with study as a random effect.

Global Effect of Modifiable Risk Factors on Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality.

Background: Five modifiable risk factors are associated with cardiovascular disease and death from any cause. Studies using individual-level data to evaluate the regional and sex-specific prevalence of the risk factors and their effect on these outcomes are lacking.

Methods: We pooled and harmonized individual-level data from 112 cohort studies conducted in 34 countries and 8 geographic regions participating in the Global Cardiovascular Risk Consortium.