Challenging Management of a Rare Complex Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation in the Corpus Callosum and Post-Central Gyrus: A Case Study of a 41-Year-Old Female.

Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare but complex vascular anomalies, particularly challenging when located in eloquent regions such as the corpus callosum and post-central gyrus. This report aims to highlight the management and outcomes of a 41-year-old female patient with a hemorrhagic AVM in these critical areas, emphasizing the importance of early surgical intervention and advanced imaging techniques. The patient presented with a right-sided tonic-clonic seizure and expressive aphasia, prompting imaging that revealed a complex AVM with deep venous drainage and arterial supply from the anterior cerebral artery.

The Microsurgical Resection of an Arteriovenous Malformation in a Patient with Thrombophilia: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are complex vascular anomalies that can present with significant complications, including intracranial hemorrhage. This report presents the case of a 36-year-old female with Prothrombin G20210A mutation-associated thrombophilia, highlighting its potential impact on AVM pathophysiology and management. The patient presented with a right paramedian intraparenchymal frontal hematoma, left hemiparesis, and seizures.

Mirror Aneurysms of the Pericallosal Artery Clipped During a Single Surgical Procedure: Case Report and Literature Review.

Pericallosal artery aneurysms are rare, accounting for 2-9% of all intracranial aneurysms, and mirror aneurysms in this location are exceptionally uncommon, presenting unique surgical challenges due to their deep location and proximity to critical neurovascular structures. The aim of this case report is to describe the surgical management and successful outcome of a patient with mirror pericallosal artery aneurysms and to contribute insights into the clinical and surgical considerations for this rare condition. We report the case of a 71-year-old female with multiple cardiovascular and metabolic conditions, including hypertension and smoking-well-established risk factors for intracranial aneurysm formation and rupture.

Cerebral Aneurysm: Filling the Gap Between Pathophysiology and Nanocarriers.

Intracranial aneurysms, characterized by abnormal dilations of cerebral arteries, pose significant health risks due to their potential to rupture, leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage with high mortality and morbidity rates. This paper aim is to explore the innovative application of nanoparticles in treating intracranial aneurysms, offering a promising avenue for enhancing current therapeutic strategies. We took into consideration the pathophysiology of cerebral aneurysms, focusing on the role of hemodynamic stress, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation in their development and progression.

Cell death and DNA damage via ROS mechanisms after applied antibiotics and antioxidants doses in prostate hyperplasia primary cell cultures.

Tumor heterogeneity results in aggressive cancer phenotypes with acquired resistance. However, combining chemical treatment with adjuvant therapies that cause cellular structure and function perturbations may diminish the ability of cancer cells to resist at chemical treatment and lead to a less aggressive cancer phenotype. Applied treatments on prostate hyperplasia primary cell cultures exerted their antitumor activities through mechanisms including cell cycle blockage, oxidative stress, and cell death induction by flow cytometry methods.

Surgical Approach and Considerations for Compressive Thoracic Intraspinal Osteochondroma in Familial Hereditary Multiple Exostosis.

Introduction: Hereditary multiple exostosis or hereditary multiple osteochondromas is a very rare clinical condition. Usually, these lesions tend to occur in the pediatric population, remaining silent until adulthood. Moreover, current studies show a small prevalence in the male population.

Cerebral Aneurysm Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes: An In-Depth Analysis of 346 Cases Operated Using Microsurgical Clipping.

This comprehensive study analyzes 346 surgically treated intracranial aneurysms, emphasizing the importance of understanding risk factors and prevalent characteristics in patients. Intracranial aneurysms, primarily of the saccular or berry type, significantly contribute to nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhages and demonstrate a rising incidence due to advances in imaging techniques. The study highlights a gender discrepancy in aneurysm occurrence and a higher prevalence in individuals over 30 years old.

Mind, Mood and Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Psychiatric Disorders.

Psychiatric disorders represent a primary source of disability worldwide, manifesting as disturbances in individuals' cognitive processes, emotional regulation, and behavioral patterns. In the quest to discover novel therapies and expand the boundaries of neuropharmacology, studies from the field have highlighted the gut microbiota's role in modulating these disorders. These alterations may influence the brain's processes through the brain-gut axis, a multifaceted bidirectional system that establishes a connection between the enteric and central nervous systems.

From Genes to Therapy: Pituitary Adenomas in the Era of Precision Medicine.

This review presents a comprehensive analysis of pituitary adenomas, a type of brain tumor with diverse behaviors and complexities. We cover various treatment approaches, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and their integration with newer treatments. Key to the discussion is the role of biomarkers in oncology for risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, and the monitoring of pituitary adenomas.

CMV and HIV Coinfection in Women from a Region in Eastern Europe.

(1) Background: Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is one of the most frequent opportunistic infections in immunosuppressed patients. Romania has one of the highest incidences of patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which determines an immunosuppressive state. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of CMV infection among women living with HIV in Southeastern Romania and also to evaluate and correlate antiretroviral therapy (ART) with CD4 level and CMV disease evolution.

From Recognition to Remedy: The Significance of Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Disease Pathology.

With the inexorable aging of the global populace, neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pose escalating challenges, which are underscored by their socioeconomic repercussions. A pivotal aspect in addressing these challenges lies in the elucidation and application of biomarkers for timely diagnosis, vigilant monitoring, and effective treatment modalities. This review delineates the quintessence of biomarkers in the realm of NDs, elucidating various classifications and their indispensable roles.

Cervico-Dorsal Intramedullary Spinal Cord Abscess with following Pulmonary Infection in an Immunocompetent Patient.

Invasive forms of aspergillosis of the nervous system are relatively rare and are usually diagnosed in immunocompromised patients. We present the case of a young female patient, treated in the last two months with corticosteroids and antifungal drug for pulmonary aspergillosis, who developed progressive paraparesis. An intramedullary abscess at the C7-D1 level was identified and the lesion was treated with a combination of surgery and antifungal therapy.

PD-L1, CD4+, and CD8+ Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) Expression Profiles in Melanoma Tumor Microenvironment Cells.

(1) Background: Because melanoma is an aggressive tumor with an unfavorable prognosis, we aimed to characterize the PD-L1 expression in melanomas in association with T cell infiltrates because PD-1/PD-L1 blockade represents the target in treating melanoma strategy. (2) Methods: The immunohistochemical manual quantitative methods of PD-L1, CD4, and CD8 TILs were performed in melanoma tumor microenvironment cells. (3) Results: Most of the PD-L1 positive, expressing tumors, have a moderate score of CD4+ TILs and CD8+TILs (5-50% of tumor area) in tumoral melanoma environment cells.

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma CD5-positive arising in an immune deficiency and immune dysregulation setting: A case report and brief review of the literature.

Rationale: In the era of antiretroviral therapy, lymphoma is the primary cause of cancer-related death among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected people and the most prevalent and aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma is diffuse large B cell lymphoma, which usually has an aggressive clinical course. CD5-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an insufficiently studied, relatively new entity, which accounts for 5% to 10% of the DLBCL population. The current study presents the clinicopathological features, diagnostic approach, and clinical outcomes of this HIV-related lymphoma and highlights the importance of the early diagnosis of CD5-positive DLBCL.

Surfactant proteins analysis in perinatal deceased preterm twins among the Romanian population.

The molecular basis of the evaluation of children suspected of having disorders of surfactant proteins is still under discussion. In this study, we aimed to describe the morphological characteristics and to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of surfactant proteins (surfactant protein A [SPA], surfactant protein B, and pro-surfactant protein C) in the preterm twins that deceased due to unexplained respiratory distress syndrome (n = 12). Results showed statistically significant positive correlations between surfactant protein B expressions and pulmonary hemorrhage (ρ = 0.

Changes in Platelet Function in Preterm Newborns with Prematurity Related Morbidities.

Platelet indices represent useful biomarkers to express the thromboembolic status, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress in preterm newborns. Our study presented platelet count and function changes in prematurity-related morbidities such as respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular bleeding, and anemia of prematurity in preterm newborn cases reported to healthy full-term newborns by flow cytometry and hematological methods. The platelet volume represents the average size of platelets in the blood samples, showing the significantly increased values in preterm newborns compared with healthy full-term newborns due to increasing activated platelet production.

3D Printed Models-A Useful Tool in Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms.

Many developments were made in the area of endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms, but this procedure also requires a good assessment of vascular anatomy prior to intervention. Seventy-six cases with brain aneurysms were selected and 1:1 scale 3D printed models were created. We asked three interventional neurosurgeons with different degrees of experience (ten years, four years, and a fourth-year resident) to review the cases using CTA (computed tomography angiogram) with MPR (multiplanar reconstructions) and VRT (volume rendering technique) and make a decision: coil embolization or stent-assisted coil embolization.

Biomarkers involved in evaluation of platelets function in South-Eastern Romanian patients with hematological malignancies subtypes.

At present, various researches presented how subtypes of hematological malignancies are related to stages of the immune response, because the activated immune system represents a promising form in cancer treatment. This study explores the relationship between the adaptive immune system (T cells), and the coagulation system (platelets, platelet membrane glycoproteins, platelets derivate microparticles) which seems to play an important role in host immune defense of patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) or B cell lymphoma (BCL), 2 of the most common hematological malignancies subtypes.Blood samples (n = 114) obtained from patients with AML or BCL were analyzed for platelet membrane glycoproteins (CD42b, CD61), glycoprotein found on the surface of the T helper cells (CD4+), protein complex-specific antigen for T cells (CD3+), platelet-derived microparticles (CD61 PMP) biomarkers by flow cytometry, and hematological parameters were quantified by usual methods.

Overexpression of Survivin-1, TAG-72 and HERC5 in patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma in the Black Sea coast geographical area.

Epidemiological data regarding hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) report unsatisfactory morbimortality rates despite the global efforts to decrease the incidence and prolong patient survival. Current guidelines lack diagnostic biomarkers to better characterize patients with HCC. We aimed to validate the overexpression of Survivin-1, tumor-associated glyocoprotein 72 (Tag-72), and HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 5 (HERC5) as tissue biomarkers for HCC characterization in patients from our geographical area and to standardize a local biomarker panel to be introduced in the current management guideline.

Micromorphological details and identification of chitinous wall structures in Rapana venosa (Gastropoda, Mollusca) egg capsules.

The present study evaluated the structural and ultrastructural characteristics of Rapana venosa egg capsules, starting from observations of their antifouling activity and mechanical resistance to water currents in mid-shore habitats. Optical microscopy, epifluorescence, and electron microscopy were used to evaluate the surface and structure of the R. venosa egg capsules.

Mixed (nodular and morpheic) upper eyelid basal cell carcinoma with orbital invasion - histological and clinical features.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of cancer located in the periocular area. We will present the clinical case of a 63-year-old male patient who was admitted to the 2nd Clinic of Neurosurgery, "Prof. Dr.

One-step endovascular treatment of bilateral traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulae with atypical clinical course.

Traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula (TCCF) is a rare neurovascular pathologic entity. The bilateral form occurs even rarer and given the potential risk for both optic tracts presents an urgent indication for quick and effective treatment. We present a patient with a bilateral Barrow type A TCCF with a fulminant development of symptoms, who was successfully treated with bilateral detachable balloons in a single session endovascular procedure.

Hemangioma of the parotid gland: case report.

Hemangiomas account for half of the parotid gland tumors occurring in children. After a rapid increase in the first months of life, some of them gradually regress (until complete disappearance) in a period of several years. Hemangiomas that do not regress over time, grow in size (possibly within a short period of time) or develop complications such as intralesional acute bleeding or thrombosis require aggressive therapy: intralesional corticosteroid injection, sclerotherapy.

[Statistical data on head trauma with frontal sinus involvement at the Emergency Hospital Clinic "Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu", Iaşi, Romania].

Unlabelled: We present here some interesting points of view concerning head and brain injury with frontal sinus involvement.

Material And Methods: In general neurosurgical practice the frontal sinus traumatic involvement is about 3-5 per cent from all head trauma; we proposed to realise a extensive 5 years study to finnaly sumarise the characteristical elements for our geographical area. The amount of patients hospitalized in our clinic was about 80 000 in five years.

[Neurological and abdominal lesional associations in polytrauma].

Unlabelled: Polytraumatisms have always been a concern in human history, their number increasing especially during wars. Their forecast depends on many factors, starting from means of transportation, first aid's promptitude, technical endowment which evolved a lot within the years. Amongst the thoracal-abdominal, the cranial-cerebral and vertebral-medullary injuries, the cranial-cerebral and the abdominal injuries are the most severe ones.