Microarchitectural Study of the Augmented Bone Following a Modified Ridge Splitting Technique: Histological and Micro-Computed Tomography Analyses.

: The aim of this matched prospective cohort study was to examine the microarchitecture of the augmented bone following a modified alveolar ridge splitting procedure and compare it to that of native bone. : In the test group, patients underwent a modified ridge split osteotomy procedure to restore the width of the posterior segment of the mandible. Patients with sufficient bone width for dental implant placement in the posterior region of the mandible following 3-month-long spontaneous healing after tooth removal were included in the control group.

De novo steroidogenesis in tumor cells drives bone metastasis and osteoclastogenesis.

Osteoclasts play a central role in cancer-cell-induced osteolysis, but the molecular mechanisms of osteoclast activation during bone metastasis formation are incompletely understood. By performing RNA sequencing on a mouse breast carcinoma cell line with higher bone-metastatic potential, here we identify the enzyme CYP11A1 strongly upregulated in osteotropic tumor cells. Genetic deletion of Cyp11a1 in tumor cells leads to a decreased number of bone metastases but does not alter primary tumor growth and lung metastasis formation in mice.

Management of Odontogenic Sinusitis: Results with Single-Step FESS and Dentoalveolar Surgery.

Objective: Odontogenic sinusitis (OS) is a well-known and important border of specialties in otorhinolaryngology and dentoalveolar surgery. Odontogenic sinusitis can develop due to iatrogenic harm or odontogenic infection. The gold standard diagnostic method is clinical and radiological-CBCT (cone beam computed tomography)-examination.

MRI compatibility of orthodontic brackets and wires: systematic review article.

Background: Before the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination fixed orthodontic devices, such as brackets and wires, cause challenges not only for the orthodontist but also for the radiologist. Essentially, the MRI-safe scan of the fixed orthodontic tools requires a proper guideline in clinical practice. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to examine all aspects of MRI-safe scan, including artifact, thermal, and debonding effects, to identify any existing gaps in knowledge in this regard and develop an evidence-based protocol.

Targeted histological evaluation shows high incidence of actinomyces infection in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws.

Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws (MRONJ) is a difficult-to-treat complication of the therapy of osteoporosis and some malignancies cured with bisphosphonates and antiresorptive drugs. The pathomechanism is unclear, but there is increasing observation that Actinomyces infection may play a role in its development and progression. The aim of our study was to demonstrate that histological examination using a validated triple staining procedure for Actinomyces bacteria strains can detect a high rate of Actinomyces infection in patient's samples with MRONJ.

Evaluation of the effect of vitamin D3 on mandibular condyles in an ovariectomized mouse model: a micro-CT study.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of ovariectomy and vitamin D3 on bone microstructure; this effect was examined in three regions of interest at one femoral and two mandibular sampling sites bone in an ovariectomized mouse model.

Methods: Thirty-six week-old female mice were randomly divided into three groups: 10 subjects were given oral cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) daily for 6 weeks after undergoing bilateral ovariectomy (D3 group), while 10 ovariectomized subjects (OVX) and 10 subjects who underwent a sham operation (SHAM) received peanut oil daily during the investigation. After extermination, the left hemimandible and femur were removed and scanned by micro-CT.

Evaluation of the Histomorphometric and Micromorphometric Performance of a Serum Albumin-Coated Bone Allograft Combined with A-PRF for Early and Conventional Healing Protocols after Maxillary Sinus Augmentation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

The aim of this study was to compare the microarchitecture of augmented bone following maxillary sinus augmentation (MSA) after healing periods of 3 (test) and 6 (control) months using the combination of advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) and a serum albumin-coated bone allograft (SACBA). Twenty-six patients with 30 surgical sites who required two-stage MSA were enrolled and grafted with the combination of A-PRF and SACBAs. The surgical sites were randomly allocated to the test or control group.

Albumin-Impregnated Allograft Filling of Surgical Extraction Sockets Achieves Better Bone Remodeling Than Filling with Either Blood Clot or Bovine Xenograft.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to compare bone graft materials in mandibular third molar extraction sockets and to monitor bone remodeling and complications.

Materials And Methods: Patients with bilateral, impacted mandibular third molars were involved. Twenty-four patients were planned to be randomly assigned to three possible treatments: (1) the control sockets were left empty; (2) the socket was filled with bovine xenograft (Bio-Oss); or (3) the socket was filled with albumin-impregnated bone allograft (BoneAlbumin).

Comparison between Micro-Computed Tomography and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Bone Quality and a Long-Term Volumetric Study of the Augmented Sinus Grafted with an Albumin Impregnated Allograft.

The purpose of our study was to compare micromorphometric data obtained by cone-beam computed-tomography (CBCT) and microcomputed-tomography (micro-CT) of the augmented sinus and to evaluate the long-term stability of the bone gain achieved using BoneAlbumin. Sinus lifts, and after 6-months, healing bone-biopsy and implant placement were carried out. Specimens were analyzed by micro-CT.

Development and Characterisation of Gastroretentive Solid Dosage Form Based on Melt Foaming.

Dosage forms with increased gastric residence time are promising tools to increase bioavailability of drugs with narrow absorption window. Low-density floating formulations could avoid gastric emptying; therefore, sustained drug release can be achieved. Our aim was to develop a new technology to produce low-density floating formulations by melt foaming.

Cell physiological effects of glass ionomer cements on fibroblast cells.

The cytotoxicity of glass ionomer cements (GICs) was investigated using a novel, cost-effective, easy-to-perform and standardized test. GIC rings were made using in-house designed, custom-made moulds under sterile conditions; 10 with Fuji Equia and 10 with Fuji Triage capsules, placed in direct contact with primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and immortalized human fibroblasts (HFF1). On day 1, 4, 14 and 21, an AlamarBlue® (resazurin) assay was completed towards determining the effects of the GICs on metabolic activities of the cells, whilst cell morphology was examined by light microscopy.

Effectiveness of Parameters in Quantifying Root Canal Morphology Change after Instrumentation with the Aid of a Microcomputed Tomography.

The objective of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of some parameters which characterise the change in morphology in human root canals subjected to ProTaper rotary enlargement with the help of an X-ray microfocus computed tomography (MCT) and to introduce a novel parameter that is effective in quantifying changes in root canal morphology. Ten each straight and curved root canals with mature apices chosen from extracted human upper incisor and canine teeth were scanned with MCT before and after canal shaping using ProTaper rotary instruments in order to facilitate three-dimensional digital reconstruction and quantitative gauging of relevant instrumental parameters and changes therein (surface area and volume). Root canal geometry change and the effectiveness of shaping were quantified with Structure Model Index change (ΔSMI) and surface area change to volume change ratio (ΔSA/ΔV).

Difficulties in the diagnosis of periapical translucencies and in the classification of cemento-osseous dysplasia.

Background: Cemento-osseous dysplasia is a benign fibro-osseous lesion of the tooth-bearing region of the jaws with a periodontal ligament origin. It appears predominantly in Black and Asian middle-aged females. Its importance is that it could mimic a periapical lesion in the early, translucent stage.

Hematopoietic or Osteoclast-Specific Deletion of Syk Leads to Increased Bone Mass in Experimental Mice.

Syk is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase critically involved in signaling by various immunoreceptors including B-cell-receptors and activating Fc-receptors. We have previously shown that Syk also mediates immunoreceptor-like signals required for the development and function of osteoclasts. However, the perinatal lethality of mice precluded the analysis of the role of Syk in bone metabolism.

Significance of the Tks4 scaffold protein in bone tissue homeostasis.

The main driver of osteoporosis is an imbalance between bone resorption and formation. The pathogenesis of osteoporosis has also been connected to genetic alterations in key osteogenic factors and dysfunction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSCs). Tks4 (encoded by the Sh3pxd2b gene) is a scaffold protein involved in podosome organization.

Serum albumin-coated bone allograft (BoneAlbumin) results in faster bone formation and mechanically stronger bone in aging rats.

Serum albumin-coated bone allografts (BoneAlbumin) have successfully supported bone regeneration in various experimental models by activating endogenous progenitors. However, the effect of tissue aging, linked to declining stem cell function, has yet to be explicitly examined within the context of BoneAlbumin's regenerative capacity. Stem cell function was tested with an in vitro attachment assay, which showed that albumin coating increases stem cell attachment on demineralized bone surfaces in an aging cell population.

Development of a quantitative preclinical screening model for implant osseointegration in rat tail vertebra.

Objectives: Functional tooth replacement and bone regeneration are parts of the daily practice in modern dentistry, but well-reproducible and relatively inexpensive experimental models are still missing. We aimed to develop a new small animal model to monitor osseointegration utilizing the combination of multiple evaluation protocols.

Material And Methods: After cutting the tail between the C4 and C5 vertebrae in Wistar rats, costume made, parallel walled, non-threaded implants were placed into the center of the tail parallel with its longitudinal axis using a surgical guide.

Microarchitecture of the Augmented Bone Following Sinus Elevation with an Albumin Impregnated Demineralized Freeze-Dried Bone Allograft (BoneAlbumin) versus Anorganic Bovine Bone Mineral: A Randomized Prospective Clinical, Histomorphometric, and Micro-Computed Tomography Study.

Serum albumin has been identified as an endogenous protein that is integral to early bone regeneration. We hypothesized that albumin addition to allografts may result in better bone remodeling than what can be achieved with anorganic xenografts. Sinus elevations were performed at 32 sites of 18 patients with the lateral window technique.

Comparison of hand and semiautomatic tracing methods for creating maxillofacial artificial organs using sequences of computed tomography (CT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the paranasal sinus volumes obtained by manual and semiautomatic imaging software programs using both CT and CBCT imaging.

Methods: 121 computed tomography (CT) and 119 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations were selected from the databases of the authors' institutes. The Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images were imported into 3-dimensonal imaging software, in which hand mode and semiautomatic tracing methods were used to measure the volumes of both maxillary sinuses and the sphenoid sinus.

Atomic and vibrational origins of mechanical toughness in bioactive cement during setting.

Bioactive glass ionomer cements (GICs) have been in widespread use for ∼40 years in dentistry and medicine. However, these composites fall short of the toughness needed for permanent implants. Significant impediment to improvement has been the requisite use of conventional destructive mechanical testing, which is necessarily retrospective.

Remineralization of demineralized bone matrix in critical size cranial defects in rats: A 6-month follow-up study.

The key drawback of using demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is its low initial mechanical stability due to the severe depletion of mineral content. In the present study, we investigated the long-term regeneration of DBM in a critical size bone defect model and investigated the remineralization after 6 months. Bone defects were created in the cranium of male Wistar rats which were filled with DBM or left empty as negative control.

[Clinical examination of the gingival effects of three glass ionomer restorative materials (GC Fuji IX GP, GC Fuji IX GP EXTRA és GC EQUIA)].

The restoration of cervical abrasions, erosions or cervical carious lesions is still challenging because of their unpredictable adhesion and possible negative effects on the marginal plaque accumulation. The impact of three different glass ionomer cements (GIC) on the marginal gingiva and root sensitivity was studied. Furthermore, it was investigated in details, whether or not a recently developed light curing varnish (GC Coat - EQUIA) had any additional effect on the gingival tissue.

Serum albumin coating of demineralized bone matrix results in stronger new bone formation.

Blood serum fractions are hotly debated adjuvants in bone replacement therapies. In the present experiment, we coated demineralized bone matrices (DBM) with serum albumin and investigated stem cell attachment in vitro and bone formation in a rat calvaria defect model. In the in vitro experiments, we observed that significantly more cells adhere to the serum albumin coated DBMs at every time point.

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase isoform PI3Kβ regulates osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in humans and mice.

Objective: While phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are involved in various intracellular signal transduction processes, the specific functions of the different PI3K isoforms are poorly understood. We have previously shown that the PI3Kβ isoform is required for arthritis development in the K/BxN serum-transfer model. Since osteoclasts play a critical role in pathologic bone loss during inflammatory arthritis and other diseases, we undertook this study to test the role of PI3Kβ in osteoclast development and function using a combined genetic and pharmacologic approach.