Efficiency of dry versus wet Er,Cr:YSGG laser debonding of lithium disilicate veneers using different power outputs.

Statement Of Problem: Since water is the chromophore for the erbium, chromium-yttrium scandium gallium garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser, the laser energy reaching the restoration decreases as part of it is absorbed by water. Theoretically, reducing the water or implementing dry debonding could reduce the energy consumed by water, increasing laser efficiency. Studies on whether it is suitable for removing veneers without using coolant are lacking.

Trueness and intaglio fit of custom-made polyetheretherketone post-and-cores fabricated using different techniques.

Statement Of Problem: Applications of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as a promising alternative to ceramic materials have extended to include post-and-cores. However, information regarding the available fabrication techniques for producing custom-made PEEK post-and-cores and their effect on accuracy is still scarce.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the trueness and intaglio fit of custom-made PEEK post-and-cores fabricated using different techniques.

Effect of vitamin E, D-limonene, and their combination on nulliparous rabbit reproductive performance.

Oxidative status is important in reproductive performance and using two natural antioxidants is more beneficial than one in nulliparous rabbits. The goal, effect of vitamin E (VitE), D-limonene (DL), and VitE+DL on maternal LBW (MLBW), conception (CR), pregnancy (PR), and kindling rates (KR), gestation length (GL), total litter size at birth (TLSB) and weaning (TLSW), live kits at birth (LKB) and weaning (LKW), dead kits at birth (DKB) and weaning (DKW), kits mortality rate at weaning (KMRW), Kit weight at birth (KWB) and weaning (KWW), total kit weight at birth (TKWB) and weaning (TKWW), and concentrations of progesterone (P4) and Malondialdehyde (MDA), during first two pregnancies. A total of 24 healthy female WNZ rabbits were randomly selected and assigned into four groups (6/each).

Accuracy of computer-aided design trial restorations fabricated with different digital workflows.

Statement Of Problem: Trial restorations are a versatile tool for visualizing the esthetic treatment plan and should be an accurate replica of the planned smile design. The accuracy of conventionally fabricated trial restorations has been investigated; however, studies on the accuracy of different digital workflows for trial restoration fabrication are lacking.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the accuracy of computer-aided design (CAD) trial restorations fabricated with different digital workflows.

Effect of combining different surface treatments on the surface characteristics of polyetheretherketone-based core materials and shear bond strength to a veneering composite resin.

Statement Of Problem: High-performance polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been used in dentistry because of its excellent physical and chemical properties. However, its lack of translucency requires the use of a veneering composite resin for esthetic applications. Data on bonding a veneering composite resin to PEEK are still scarce.

Astrocytes display cell autonomous and diverse early reactive states in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a rapidly progressive and fatal disease. Although astrocytes are increasingly recognized contributors to the underlying pathogenesis, the cellular autonomy and uniformity of astrocyte reactive transformation in different genetic forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis remain unresolved. Here we systematically examine these issues by using highly enriched and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocytes from patients with VCP and SOD1 mutations.

Meta-analysis of human and mouse ALS astrocytes reveals multi-omic signatures of inflammatory reactive states.

Astrocytes contribute to motor neuron death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but whether they adopt deleterious features consistent with inflammatory reactive states remains incompletely resolved. To identify inflammatory reactive features in ALS human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived astrocytes, we examined transcriptomics, proteomics, and glutamate uptake in -mutant astrocytes. We complemented this by examining other ALS mutations and models using a systematic meta-analysis of all publicly-available ALS astrocyte sequencing data, which included hiPSC-derived astrocytes carrying , , and gene mutations as well as mouse ALS astrocyte models with mutation, deletion, and (also known as membralin) deletion.

Influence of different combinations of CAD-CAM crown and customized abutment materials on the force absorption capacity in implant supported restorations - In vitro study.

Objectives: To evaluate the force absorption capacity of implant supported restorations utilizing different CAD-CAM materials for the fabrication of crowns and customized abutments.

Methods: 80 titanium inserts were scanned to design customized abutments and crowns. The specimens were divided into four groups (n = 20/material): (Z): zirconia, (P): PEEK, (V): VITA Enamic, and (E): IPS e.

In vitro evaluation of material dependent force damping behavior of implant-supported restorations using different CAD-CAM materials and luting conditions.

Statement Of Problem: Although force-damping behavior that matches natural teeth may be unobtainable, an optimal combination of crown material and luting agent might have a beneficial effect on the force absorption capacity of implant-supported restorations. However, the force-absorbing behavior of various restorative materials has not yet been satisfactorily investigated.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the material dependent force-damping behavior of implant-supported crowns fabricated from different computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials luted to implant abutments under different conditions.

Aberrant cytoplasmic intron retention is a blueprint for RNA binding protein mislocalization in VCP-related amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

We recently described aberrantly increased cytoplasmic SFPQ intron-retaining transcripts (IRTs) and concurrent SFPQ protein mislocalization as new hallmarks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the generalizability and potential roles of cytoplasmic IRTs in health and disease remain unclear. Here, using time-resolved deep sequencing of nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of human induced pluripotent stem cells undergoing motor neurogenesis, we reveal that ALS-causing VCP gene mutations lead to compartment-specific aberrant accumulation of IRTs.

Reactive astrocytes in ALS display diminished intron retention.

Reactive astrocytes are implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), although the mechanisms controlling reactive transformation are unknown. We show that decreased intron retention (IR) is common to human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived astrocytes carrying ALS-causing mutations in VCP, SOD1 and C9orf72. Notably, transcripts with decreased IR and increased expression are overrepresented in reactivity processes including cell adhesion, stress response and immune activation.

Automated and unbiased discrimination of ALS from control tissue at single cell resolution.

Histopathological analysis of tissue sections is invaluable in neurodegeneration research. However, cell-to-cell variation in both the presence and severity of a given phenotype is a key limitation of this approach, reducing the signal to noise ratio and leaving unresolved the potential of single-cell scoring for a given disease attribute. Here, we tested different machine learning methods to analyse high-content microscopy measurements of hundreds of motor neurons (MNs) from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) post-mortem tissue sections.

Regionally encoded functional heterogeneity of astrocytes in health and disease: A perspective.

Increasing evidence has suggested that astrocytes demonstrate striking regionally allocated functional heterogeneity. Here, we discuss how this spatiotemporally encoded diversity determines the astrocytic phenotype along a finely grained spectrum from neuroprotective to deleterious states. With increasing recognition of their diverse and evolving roles in the central neuraxis, astrocytes now represent a tractable cellular target for therapies aiming to restore neural circuit integrity in a broad range of neurodegenerative disorders.

Distinct responses of neurons and astrocytes to TDP-43 proteinopathy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal and incurable neurodegenerative disease caused by motor neuron loss, resulting in muscle wasting, paralysis and eventual death. A key pathological feature of ALS is cytoplasmically mislocalized and aggregated TDP-43 protein in >95% of cases, which is considered to have prion-like properties. Historical studies have predominantly focused on genetic forms of ALS, which represent ∼10% of cases, leaving the remaining 90% of sporadic ALS relatively understudied.

Minimally invasive prosthodontic correction of pseudo class III malocclusion by implementing a systematic digital workflow: A clinical report.

This clinical report describes the digital workflow for implementing different virtual and digital aids for the restoration of tooth wear and loss of occlusal vertical dimension (OVD). This conservative approach was implemented in an adult with pseudo class III malocclusion by using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) monolithic lithium disilicate ceramic restorations.

Early diagnosis of acute kidney injury by urinary YKL-40 in critically ill patients in ICU: a pilot study.

Purpose: In critically ill patients, acute kidney injury (AKI) is a devastating problem often associated with adverse outcomes. Depending on the conventional markers for diagnosis of AKI, an undesirable delay in the diagnosis and initiation of treatment has occurred. Thus, it is challenging to find a biomarker for early diagnosis of AKI.

Nonautonomous dynamics of acute cell injury.

Medical conditions due to acute cell injury, such as stroke and heart attack, are of tremendous impact and have attracted huge amounts of research effort. The biomedical research that seeks cures for these conditions has been dominated by a qualitative, inductive mind-set. Although the inductive approach has not been effective in developing medical treatments, it has amassed enough information to allow construction of quantitative, deductive models of acute cell injury.

The Effect of Different Wax Pattern Fabrication Techniques on the Marginal Fit of Customized Lithium Disilicate Implant Abutments.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of different wax pattern fabrication techniques on the fit of customized pressed lithium disilicate implant abutments on titanium inserts before and after pressing. The marginal fit results of pressed lithium disilicate implant abutments were then compared with those of milled lithium disilicate abutments.

Materials And Methods: After scanning the titanium inserts and designing an implant abutment, wax patterns were fabricated with three techniques (n = 15 each): computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) milling, 3D printing and conventional layering.

Widespread FUS mislocalization is a molecular hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Mutations causing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) clearly implicate ubiquitously expressed and predominantly nuclear RNA binding proteins, which form pathological cytoplasmic inclusions in this context. However, the possibility that wild-type RNA binding proteins mislocalize without necessarily becoming constituents of cytoplasmic inclusions themselves remains relatively unexplored. We hypothesized that nuclear-to-cytoplasmic mislocalization of the RNA binding protein fused in sarcoma (FUS), in an unaggregated state, may occur more widely in ALS than previously recognized.

Assessment of marginal adaptation and fracture resistance of endocrown restorations utilizing different machinable blocks subjected to thermomechanical aging.

Objective: This in vitro study was conducted to assess the marginal adaptation and fracture resistance of computer aided design/computer aided manufacturer (CAD-CAM) fabricated endocrowns restoring endodontically treated molars using different machinable blocks with thermomechanical loading protocols.

Materials And Methods: Devitalized mandibular molars were prepared in a standardized way and divided into 4 groups (n = 10) to receive CAD/CAM fabricated endocrowns using four materials (Lithium disilicate ceramics, polymer infiltrated ceramics, zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramics and resin nanoceramics. Marginal gaps (µm) were measured using stereomicroscope before cementation and after cementation.

Intron retention and nuclear loss of SFPQ are molecular hallmarks of ALS.

Mutations causing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) strongly implicate ubiquitously expressed regulators of RNA processing. To understand the molecular impact of ALS-causing mutations on neuronal development and disease, we analysed transcriptomes during in vitro differentiation of motor neurons (MNs) from human control and patient-specific VCP mutant induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We identify increased intron retention (IR) as a dominant feature of the splicing programme during early neural differentiation.

Abstraction and Idealization in Biomedicine: The Nonautonomous Theory of Acute Cell Injury.

Neuroprotection seeks to halt cell death after brain ischemia and has been shown to be possible in laboratory studies. However, neuroprotection has not been successfully translated into clinical practice, despite voluminous research and controlled clinical trials. We suggested these failures may be due, at least in part, to the lack of a general theory of cell injury to guide research into specific injuries.

Fracture resistance and failure modes of polymer infiltrated ceramic endocrown restorations with variations in margin design and occlusal thickness.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the effect of varying the margin designs and the occlusal thicknesses on the fracture resistance and mode of failures of endodontically treated teeth restored with polymer infiltrated ceramic endocrown restorations.

Methods: Root canal treated mandibular molars were divided into four groups (n=8) and were prepared to receive Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) fabricated polymer infiltrated ceramic endocrowns (ENAMIC blocks). Group B2 represents teeth prepared with a butt joint design receiving endocrowns with 2mm occlusal thickness and the same for group B3.

Grain Boundary Structures and Collective Dynamics of Inversion Domains in Binary Two-Dimensional Materials.

Understanding and controlling the properties and dynamics of topological defects is a lasting challenge in the study of two-dimensional materials, and is crucial to achieve high-quality films required for technological applications. Here grain boundary structures, energies, and dynamics of binary two-dimensional materials are investigated through the development of a phase field crystal model that is parametrized to match the ordering, symmetry, energy, and length scales of hexagonal boron nitride. Our studies reveal some new dislocation core structures for various symmetrically and asymmetrically tilted grain boundaries, in addition to those obtained in previous experiments and first-principles calculations.