Efficacy and Safety of Topical Tranexamic Acid Alone or in Combination with Either Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser or Microneedling for the Treatment of Melasma.

Introduction: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a promising treatment modality for melasma. Microneedling (MN) and fractional carbon dioxide (CO) laser were reported to enhance TXA transepidermal delivery.

Objectives: To compare efficacy and safety of topical TXA alone or in combination with either fractional CO laser or MN for treatment of melasma.

Topical Oxybutynin 3% Gel Versus Aluminum Chloride 15% Lotion in Treatment of Primary Focal Hyperhidrosis.

Introduction: Hyperhidrosis is excessive sweating beyond thermoregulatory needs. It is a potentially disabling condition with challenging management. Aluminum chloride is the established topical treatment; however, response remains unsatisfactory.

Serum interleukin-33 (IL-33) in children with active systemic lupus erythematosus: A cross-sectional study.

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family and is associated with the development of different autoimmune diseases as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). So, the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to measure the serum IL-33 in children with SLE (c-SLE) in relation to their SLE disease activity index. This study was conducted upon 50 c-SLE patients in comparison to 50 normal matched children as a control group.

Intralesional pentoxifylline, triamcinolone acetonide, and their combination for treatment of keloid scars.

Background: Keloids are common fibroproliferative tumors, and their treatment still represents a dilemma. Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) injection is effective, but frequently associated with side effects. Pentoxifyllin (PTX) is a vasodilator, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic agent.

Intralesional injection of Candida albicans antigen versus measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine for treatment of plantar warts.

Introduction: Many therapeutic modalities have been used for management of plantar warts; however, no optimal treatment with high efficacy and no or low recurrence has been explored to date. Intralesional immunotherapy has shown promising results in the treatment of different types of warts.Here we compare the efficacy of Candida albicans-specific antigen versus measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine for treatment of plantar warts by intralesional injection.

Platelet-rich plasma in alopecia areata: intradermal injection versus topical application with transepidermal delivery via either fractional carbon dioxide laser or microneedling.

Introduction: Alopecia areata (AA) is a common cause of non-scarring alopecia with variable response to treatment. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) stimulates proliferation and differentiation of stem cells in the hair-follicle bulge via multiple mechanisms. Although beneficial, pain during injection in addition to unequal delivery and coverage is a major drawback of intralesional PRP in alopecia, particularly for extensive lesions and in patients with a low pain threshold.

Comparative study between topical tranexamic acid alone versus its combination with autologous platelet rich plasma for treatment of melasma.

Background: Tranexamic acid is a promising drug for melasma treatment, but its topical formulation has limited efficacy. Its use as liposome based cream or in combination with other modalities might help to achieve better results.

Objective: Comparing efficacy of topical tranexamic acid 5% in liposome base alone versus its combination with intradermal platelet rich plasma (PRP) for melisma treatment.

Combined intralesional triamcinolone acetonide and platelet rich plasma versus intralesional triamcinolone acetonide alone in treatment of keloids.

Background: Keloids are benign fibro-proliferative growths occurring after skin injury or spontaneously. Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is their first-line therapy, but commonly associated with side effects or recurrence. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood-derived product with promising results in improving wound healing with lower keloid occurrence.

A comparative study of intralesional injection of antigen, bleomycin and 5-fluorouracil for treatment of plane warts.

Background: Several therapeutic modalities for the treatment of verruca plana (VP) are available, but none has achieved complete cure in all cases with associated risk of side effects.

Objective: To evaluate efficacy and safety of intralesional injection of () antigen, bleomycin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in treatment of VP.

Methods: Sixty patients with VP were randomly divided into three equal groups who were treated using antigen, bleomycin or 5- FU injections every 2 weeks till complete clearance of the lesions or for a maximum of four sessions and followed up for additional 8 weeks.

Fractional carbon dioxide laser and topical tioconazole in the treatment of fingernail onychomycosis.

Onychomycosis is a common chronic-resistant nail disease. Traditional treatment has its limitations and side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the role of fractional CO laser and topical tioconazole 28% nail lacquer in the treatment of fingernail onychomycosis, as sole treatment modalities and in combination.

Pulsed-dye laser versus intralesional Candida albicans antigen injection in treatment of genital warts.

Introduction: Genital warts are a troublesome therapeutic issue. Pulsed-dye laser (PDL) is a non-ablative therapeutic tool for viral warts. Intralesional Candida albicans (C.

Serum-soluble CXCL16 in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus: a promising predictor of disease severity and lupus nephritis.

Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease of unpredicted course and prognosis. Rates of organ involvement in SLE are higher in children, and overt lupus nephropathy is more often a presenting manifestation of SLE in children than adults. Inflammatory soluble chemokine CXC motif-ligand 16 (sCXCL16) is an important pathogenic mediator in inflammatory diseases as SLE.

Cryoglobulinaemia in Egyptian Patients with Extrahepatic Cutaneous Manifestations of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection.

Background. Hepatitis C is a global major health problem with extremely variable extrahepatic manifestations. Mixed cryoglobulinaemia (MC) shows a striking association with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and it is sometimes asymptomatic.

Decreased Circulating T Regulatory Cells in Egyptian Patients with Nonsegmental Vitiligo: Correlation with Disease Activity.

Background. Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentary skin disorder resulting from autoimmune destruction of melanocytes. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), specifically CD4(+)CD25(+) and Forkhead box P3(+) (FoxP3(+)) Tregs, acquired notable attention because of their role in a variety of autoimmune pathologies.

Use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for chronic pruritus.

Pruritus is a distressing symptom in many dermatological as well as systemic conditions, and it is sometimes very chronic and relapsing. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is an inexpensive form of analgesia that could also ameliorate itching. This study aimed to evaluate TENS efficacy in patients with pruritus due to some types of chronic eczema, and in patients with chronic hepatic disease.

Scabies among primary schoolchildren in Egypt: sociomedical environmental study in Kafr El-Sheikh administrative area.

Background/objectives: Scabies is a major global public health issue that might affect people from all socioeconomic levels. The primary contributing factors in contracting scabies seem to be poverty and overcrowded living conditions. Scabies often spreads among schoolchildren quite rapidly, owing to their close contact and overcrowding within the schools.