Oral tranexamic acid, hydroquinone 4% and low-fluence 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser for mixed melasma: Clinical and dermoscopic evaluation.

Background: Tranexamic acid (TA) can prevent melanocyte activation by various stimuli. Combining TA with either hydroquinone 4% or Q-switched Nd:YAG laser may be associated with greater improvement of melasma.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral TA alone and combined with either topical hydroquinone 4% or low-fluence 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in treatment of mixed melasma.