The Impact of Disuse and High-Fat Overfeeding on Forearm Muscle Amino Acid Metabolism in Humans.

Context: Anabolic resistance is mechanistically implicated in muscle disuse atrophy.

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess whether anabolic resistance is associated with reduced postprandial amino acid uptake or exacerbated by excess lipid availability.

Design, Setting, Participants, And Interventions: Twenty men underwent 7 days of forearm immobilization while consuming a eucaloric (CON; n = 11) or high-fat overfeeding (HFD; n = 9; 50% excess energy as fat) diet (parallel design) within our Nutritional Physiology Research Unit.

Early Inhibition of Fatty Acid Synthesis Reduces Generation of Memory Precursor Effector T Cells in Chronic Infection.

Understanding the mechanisms of CD4 memory T cell (Tmem) differentiation in malaria is critical for vaccine development. However, the metabolic regulation of CD4 Tmem differentiation is not clear, particularly in persistent infections. In this study, we investigated the role of fatty acid synthesis (FAS) in Tmem development in chronic mouse malaria infection.

Skeletal Muscle Protein Breakdown Remains Elevated in Pediatric Burn Survivors up to One-Year Post-Injury.

Acute alterations in skeletal muscle protein metabolism are a well-established event associated with the stress response to burns. Nevertheless, the long-lasting effects of burn injury on skeletal muscle protein turnover are incompletely understood. This study was undertaken to investigate fractional synthesis (FSR) and breakdown (FBR) rates of protein in skeletal muscle of pediatric burn patients (n  =  42, >30% total body surface area burns) for up to 1 year after injury.

Transplacental transfer and metabolism of bupropion.

Objective: In order to evaluate the potential use of bupropion as smoking cessation therapy during pregnancy, the aim of this investigation was to determine transplacental transfer and metabolism of bupropion and its distribution among placental tissue and maternal and fetal circuits of the dually perfused placental lobule.

Methods: Placentas obtained from healthy term pregnancies were perfused with bupropion at two concentrations 150 ng/ml and 450 ng/ml, along with the marker compound antipyrine 20 microg/ml. Radioactive isotopes of the two drugs were co-transfused to enhance their detection limits.