Magnetic field and initial stress on a rotating photothermal semiconductor medium with ramp type heating and internal heat source.

This manuscript addresses a significant research gap in the study by employing a mathematical model of photo thermoelastic wave propagation in a rotator semiconductor medium under the effect of a magnetic field and initial stress, as well as ramp-type heating. The considered model is formulated during the photothermal theory and in two-dimensional (2D) electronic-elastic deformation. The governing equations represent the interaction between the primary physical parameters throughout the process of photothermal transfer.

Assessment of volume status of pediatric hemodialysis patients.

Background: Accurate volume status assessment and dry weight achievement are the most challenging goals for a nephrologist. We aimed to evaluate the role of ultrasonographic parameters including lung ultrasound and inferior vena cava (IVC) measurements as practical methods of volume status assessment in children on hemodialysis by comparing them with established techniques, such as clinical evaluation and bioimpedance spectroscopy.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study compared pre- and post-dialysis volume status using bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) parameters and clinical data with ultrasonographic lung B-lines and IVC parameters in children on regular hemodialysis.

Vascular access challenges in hemodialysis children.

Background: Hemodialysis (HD) success is dependent mainly on vascular access (VA). The aim of this study is to share the experience of Pediatric Nephrology Unit (PNU), Cairo University Children's Hospital (CUCH), with VA-related obstacles in end stage kidney disease (ESKD) HD children.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of VA related data of 187 ESKD children received regular HD over 3 year duration (2019-2021).

Magneto-hydrodynamic peristaltic flow of a Jeffery fluid in the presence of heat transfer through a porous medium in an asymmetric channel.

In the present paper, the effects of magnetic field and heat transfer on the peristaltic flow of a Jeffery fluid through a porous medium in an asymmetric channel have been studied. The governing non-linear partial differential equations representing the flow model are transmuted into linear ones by employing the appropriate non-dimensional parameters under the assumption of long wavelength and low Reynolds number. Exact solutions are presented for the stream function, pressure gradient, and temperature.

Multidrug resistant 1 (MDR1) C3435T and G2677T gene polymorphism: impact on the risk of acute rejection in pediatric kidney transplant recipients.

Background: Tacrolimus is the backbone drug in kidney transplantation. Single nucleotide polymorphism of Multidrug resistant 1 gene can affect tacrolimus metabolism consequently it can affect tacrolimus trough level and incidence of acute rejection. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of Multidrug resistant 1 gene, C3435T and G2677T Single nucleotide polymorphisms on tacrolimus pharmacokinetics and on the risk of acute rejection in pediatric kidney transplant recipients.

Ultrasound-guided transversalis fascia plane block versus lateral quadratus lumborum plane block for analgesia after inguinal herniotomy in children: a randomized controlled non-inferiority study.

Background: Surgical repair of inguinal hernia is one of the most common day case surgeries in the pediatric population. This study compared the postoperative analgesic effects of transversalis fascia plane block (TFB) versus quadratus lumborum block (QLB) in children scheduled for open unilateral inguinal herniotomy.

Methods: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled non-inferiority study, 76 eligible patients were recruited.

Covid-19 in Egyptian hemodialysis and kidney transplant children: retrospective analysis of single center experience.

Background: Chronic kidney disease stage 5 (CKD 5) populations have peculiar risk for severe Covid-19 infection. Moreover; pediatric data are sparse and lacking. The aim of this study is to report our experience in CKD 5 children treated by hemodialysis (CKD 5D) and CKD 5 children after kidney transplantation (KTR) during one year of Covid-19 pandemic.

Monitoring of blood glucose after pediatric kidney transplantation: a longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Glucose metabolism after kidney transplantation (KT) is highly dynamic with the first post-transplantation year being the most critical period for new-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) occurrence. The present study aimed to analyze dynamics of glucose metabolism and report incidence/risk factors of abnormal glycemic state during the first year after KT in children.

Methods: Twenty-one consecutive freshly transplanted pediatric kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) were assessed for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) weekly for 4 weeks, then every 3 months for 1 year.

Next-generation sequencing in identification of pathogenic variants in primary hyperoxaluria among 21 Egyptian families: Identification of two novel AGXT gene mutations.

Background: Primary hyperoxaluria (PH) is a rare heterogeneous, autosomal recessive disorder of glyoxylate metabolism. It is characterized by excessive hepatic production of oxalate resulting in a wide spectrum of clinical, imaging, and functional presentation. The characteristic features of PH comprise of recurrent urolithiasis, renal stones, and/or nephrocalcinosis.

Pediatric focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: favorable transplantation outcome with plasma exchange.

Background: Although kidney transplantation (KTX) is the treatment of choice for pediatric end stage kidney disease (ESKD); concerns for recurrence in cases of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) are still present. This study aimed to investigate the outcome of KTX in children with ESKD secondary to FSGS, with implementation of preemptive perioperative plasma exchange (PE) for non-genetically proven patients.

Methods: Forty FSGS pediatric kidney transplant recipients were studied.

Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 in children: Clinical classification, renal replacement therapy, and outcome in a single centre experience.

Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is a rare disease that is challenged by the overproduced oxalate and commonly presented with radiopaque renal stones or obstructive uropathy. This study aimed to report clinical presentations, renal replacement therapy (RRT), and outcome of PH1 in end stage kidney disease (ESKD) children. This is an observational cohort study.

Echocardiographic findings in children with chronic kidney disease.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are considered major cause of morbidity and mortality among children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aims to determine the incidence of CVD in children with CKD, to analyze risk factors and early predictors for late onset atherosclerosis. Thirty-five CKD children [25 on regular hemodialysis (HD) and 10 on conservative management] were evaluated clinically.

Glucose tolerance in a cohort of Egyptian children after kidney transplantation.

Background: Post- transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) in children is a serious metabolic complication that can endanger both graft and patient survival. These complications can be partially reduced by early diagnosis & prompt treatment of impaired glucose tolerance. The aim of this study was to assess glucose tolerance & insulin resistance among a cohort of kidney transplanted children.

Medical therapy options for endometriosis related pain, which is better? A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Our objective was to assess and rank different pharmacological interventions for relieving endometriosis-related pain. We conducted an online bibliographic search in different databases from their inception until March 2019. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed different medical therapies in the management of endometriosis-related pain.

Does renal transplant in children with LUTD improve their bladder function?

Much is still unknown about LUT function after receiving renal graft. Graft function was the main focus of different studies discussing the same issue. However, these studies ignored the effects of the graft on lower tract function and more demand for bladder cycling and growth of the child.

Pediatric kidney transplantation in Egypt: Results of 10-year single-center experience.

Pediatric kidney transplantation is a multidisciplinary therapy that needs special consideration and experience. In this study, we aimed to present CUCH experience; over a 10-year period, as a specialized center of kidney transplantation in children. We studied 148 transplantations performed at a single center from 2009 to 2018.

Serum Soluble Interleukin 2 Receptor Level as a Marker of Acute Rejection in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Background: Despite advances in immunosuppression, acute allograft rejection remains one of the key factors affecting patient and graft survival in pediatric kidney transplantation. The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of serum soluble IL2 receptor (sIL2R) level as a noninvasive assessment parameter of acute rejection (AR).

Method: Serum sIL2R level was measured (using enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay technique) in 60 pediatric kidney transplant recipients (30 recipients with AR and 30 transplant recipients with stable graft function).

Klotho G-395A gene polymorphism: impact on progression of end-stage renal disease and development of cardiovascular complications in children on dialysis.

Background: Klotho G-395-A gene polymorphism may impact children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We investigated the relevance of Klotho G-395-A on ESRD development and progression, and its relationship with evolution of cardiovascular complications in pediatric dialysis patients.

Methods: Fifty-five children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and seventy healthy children were genotyped for Klotho G-395A.

Risk factors for urological complications following living donor renal transplantation in children.

The aim of this study was to detect possible risk factors for UC and UTI following pediatric renal Tx and effect of these complications on outcome. One hundred and eight children who underwent living donor Tx between 2009 and 2015 were retrospectively included. Extraperitoneal approach was used with stented tunneled extravesical procedure.

Visfatin versus Flow-Mediated Dilatation as a Marker of Endothelial Dysfunction in Pediatric Renal Transplant Recipients.

Background: Renal transplantation (RTx) is the treatment of choice for paediatric end-stage renal disease (ESRD). A major cause of morbidity and mortality after RTx is cardiovascular disease. Independent predictors of cardiovascular events were shown to constitute an endothelial dysfunction (ED).

Lymphocyte Activation Markers in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Background And Objectives: The role of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) in immune tolerance in experimental transplantation is very important but the clinical significance of circulating Tregs in the peripheral blood is undetermined. We evaluated the association between the frequency of T cell activation markers CD25 and CD71 and clinical parameters that may affect the level of these T cell markers.

Methods: In 47peditric kidney transplant (KT) recipients and 20 healthy controls, the frequency of T cell activation markers, CD25 and CD71 was measured with flow cytometry after transplantation.

Caudal extradural catheterization in pediatric renal transplant and its effect on perioperative hemodynamics and pain scoring: a prospective randomized study.

Purpose: 'Hockey stick incision' used in renal transplant is large enough to cause severe postoperative morbidity especially in pediatric recipients. Although epidural analgesia is known to be effective in pain control, the resulting sympathectomy might affect hemodynamics interfering with the transplant process. In our study, we evaluated the feasibility and safety of inserting an epidural catheter to the thoracic level via the caudal route, and the effect of using epidural local anesthetics at low concentrations on hemodynamics.

Outcomes of living donor renal transplantation in children with lower urinary tract dysfunction: a comparative retrospective study.

Objectives: To compare outcomes of renal transplantation (RTx) in children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) resulting from lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) vs other causes.

Patients And Methods: A database of children (<18 years old) who underwent RTx between May 2008 and April 2012 was reviewed. Patients were divided into those with LUTD (group A, n = 29) and those with other causes of ESRD (group B, n = 74).

Surgical complications and graft function following live-donor extraperitoneal renal transplantation in children 20 kg or less.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of patient, surgical, and medical factors on surgical complications and graft function following renal transplantation (Tx) in children weighing ≤ 20 kg, because the number of this challenging group of children is increasing.

Patients And Methods: Between June 2009 and October 2013, 26 patients received living donor renal allotransplant using the extraperitoneal approach (EPA). The immunosuppression regimen was composed of prednisolone, mycophenolate mofetil, and ciclosporin or tacrolimus.