Evaluation of the Conventional Acid-Etching System and the Self-Etching Primer in Bonding Metallic Orthodontic Brackets: An In-Vitro and In-Vivo Study.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of enamel-bonded orthodontic brackets with the conventional acid etching (CAE) system and the self-etching primer (SEP) in vitro and to compare the clinical performance of both systems when used in the treatment of malocclusion patients.

Materials And Methods: In the first part of the study, 40 extracted human premolars were randomly divided into two groups containing 20 teeth. The first group (the conventional enamel etching group) employed 37% phosphoric acid before bonding the metallic brackets (0.

Evaluation of head and cervical spine posture after functional therapy with Twin‑Block and Bionator appliances: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Evaluation of head and cervical spine posture and estimation of sample size.

Methods: Thirty eligible participants who required functional therapy were randomly assigned to the Control group (C), Twin Block group (TB), or the Bionator group (B). Randomization was accomplished by means of blocks of fixed size stratified by sex and age, with the allocations concealed in opaque and sealed envelopes.