Flow-Field Inference for Turbulent Exhale Flow Measurement.

Background: Vision-based pulmonary diagnostics present a unique approach for tracking and measuring natural breathing behaviors through remote imaging. While many existing methods correlate chest and diaphragm movements to respiratory behavior, we look at how the direct visualization of thermal CO exhale flow patterns can be tracked to directly measure expiratory flow.

Methods: In this work, we present a novel method for isolating and extracting turbulent exhale flow signals from thermal image sequences through flow-field prediction and optical flow measurement.

Association of Mechanical Energy and Power with Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Lung Resection Surgery: A Post Hoc Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trial Data.

Background: Mechanical power (MP), the rate of mechanical energy (ME) delivery, is a recently introduced unifying ventilator parameter consisting of tidal volume, airway pressures, and respiratory rates, which predicts pulmonary complications in several clinical contexts. However, ME has not been previously studied in the perioperative context, and neither parameter has been studied in the context of thoracic surgery utilizing one-lung ventilation.

Methods: The relationships between ME variables and postoperative pulmonary complications were evaluated in this post hoc analysis of data from a multicenter randomized clinical trial of lung resection surgery conducted between 2020 and 2021 (n = 1,170).

Natural Products for Liver Cancer Treatment: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery.

Primary liver cancer was the seventh most diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death with about 906,000 cases and 830,000 deaths, respectively, in 2020. Conventional treatment for liver cancer, such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or sorafenib, has limitations in that there is the recurrence of cancer, drug inefficacy, and adverse effects. Traditional medicine and natural products of several regions including Korea, China, Europe, North America, India, and the Middle East have attracted a lot of attention since they have been reported to have anticancer effects with low adverse effects.

Preoperative hyperlactatemia and early mortality after liver transplantation: selection of important variables using random forest survival analysis.

Background: Generally, lactate levels > 2 mmol/L represent hyperlactatemia, whereas lactic acidosis is often defined as lactate > 4 mmol/L. Although hyperlactatemia is common finding in liver transplant (LT) candidates, association between lactate and organ failures with Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) is poorly studied. We searched the important variables for pre-LT hyperlactatemia and examined the impact of preoperative hyperlactatemia on early mortality after LT.

Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus versus Continuous Epidural Infusion in Major Upper Abdominal Surgery: A Retrospective Comparative Study.

Although recent evidence shows that the programmed intermittent epidural bolus can provide improved analgesia compared to continuous epidural infusion during labor, its usefulness in major upper abdominal surgery remains unclear. We evaluated the effect of programmed intermittent epidural bolus versus continuous epidural infusion on the consumption of postoperative rescue opioids, pain intensity, and consumption of local anesthetic by retrospective analysis of data of patients who underwent major upper abdominal surgery under ultrasound-assisted thoracic epidural analgesia between July 2018 and October 2020. The primary outcome was total opioid consumption up to 72 h after surgery.

Practice and proficiency: Factors that facilitate infant walking skill.

Infant walking skill improves with practice-crudely estimated by elapsed time since walk onset. However, despite the robust relation between elapsed time (months walking) and skill, practice is likely constrained and facilitated by infants' home environments, sociodemographic influences, and spontaneous activity. Individual pathways are tremendously diverse in the timing of walk onset and the trajectory of improvement, and presumably, in the amount and type of practice.

A comparison of using the DSM-5 and MABC-2 for estimating the developmental coordination disorder prevalence in Korean children.

Background: Previous literature has shown inconsistency in the prevalence of developmental coordination disorder (DCD). The Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (MABC-2) is often used for DCD prevalence studies, although the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) recommends four criteria.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of DCD in Korean children using the DSM-5 and MABC-2.

Object interaction and walking: Integration of old and new skills in infant development.

Manual skills such as reaching, grasping, and exploring objects appear months earlier in infancy than locomotor skills such as walking. To what extent do infants incorporate an old skill (manual actions on objects) into the development of a new skill (walking)? We video recorded 64 sessions of infants during free play in a laboratory playroom. Infants' age (12.

Early Treadmill Practice in Infants Born With Myelomeningocele: A Pilot Study.

Purpose: To determine the feasibility of an early treadmill training program for infants with myelomeningocele (MMC) and to measure changes in overt infant motor development and control, including mechanisms underlying the overt changes.

Methods: Ten infants with MMC were initially enrolled: 8 infants completed 12 consecutive months of training, and 2 completed 6 months of training. Training consisted primarily of home-based, parent-administered treadmill stepping practice 5 days per week, 10 minutes per day starting within 6 months postbirth.

The cost of simplifying complex developmental phenomena: a new perspective on learning to walk.

Researchers can study complex developmental phenomena with all the inherent noise and complexity or simplify behaviors to hone in on the essential aspects of a phenomenon. We used the development of walking as a model system to compare the costs and benefits of simplifying a complex, noisy behavior. Traditionally, researchers simplify infant walking by recording gait measures as infants take continuous, forward steps along straight paths.

Bone Mineral Content in Infants With Myelomeningocele, With and Without Treadmill Stepping Practice.

Purpose: To study development of bone mineral content (BMC) in infants with myelomeningocele (MMC) who did or did not receive upright supported stepping practice (USSP) and in infants with typical development (TD).

Methods: We tested 36 infants across the ages of 1 to 18 months. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to collect raw BMC data for the whole body, legs, and arms, which were normalized using anthropometrics.

Early gait development in human infants: Plasticity and clinical applications.

In this paper we focus on how a developmental perspective on plasticity in the control of human movement can promote early therapy and improve gait acquisition in infants with developmental disabilities. Current knowledge about stepping development in healthy infants across the first year of life highlights strong plasticity, both in behavioral outcome and in underlying neuro-muscular activation. These data show that stepping, like other motor skills, emerges from the interaction between infant's maturation and the environment.

Functioning of peripheral Ia pathways in leg muscles of newly walking toddlers.

Monosynaptic and polysynaptic spinal level reflexes in the leg muscles of infants show significant dispersion across muscles, high variability, and no change in response patterns over the first 10 months. Here we tested the hypothesized relation between early walking experience and the tuning of these responses in three primary gait muscles of participants in four subgroups: cruisers (n=7) and toddlers with one (n=5), two (n=5), or three (n=5) months of walking experience. Reflex responses in multiple Ia pathways - tendon reflex (T-reflex), vibration-induced inhibition of the T-reflex (VIM-T-reflex), and tonic vibration-induced reflex (VIR), were elicited by mechanical stimuli applied to the distal tendons of the quadriceps, gastrocnemius-soleus, and tibialis anterior of both legs.

The Use of Cuff Weights for Aquatic Gait Training in People Post-Stroke with Hemiparesis.

Background And Purpose: This study aimed to examine how spatiotemporal and kinematic gait variables are influenced by the application of a cuff weight during aquatic walking in people post-stroke. The secondary purpose was to compare the differences in gait responses between the placements of cuff weights on the proximal (knee weight) and distal end (ankle weight) of the shank.

Methods: Twenty-one participants post-stroke with hemiparesis aged 66.

Functioning of peripheral Ia pathways in infants with myelomeningocele.

The goal was to examine the accessibility of Ia-proprioceptive pathways to motoneurons of leg muscles associated with gait in infants with Myelomeningocele (MMC). Participants were 15 MMC infants, ages 2-10 months. We assessed over repeated trials, the tendon reflex (T-reflex), vibration-induced inhibition of T-reflex (VIM-T-reflex), and tonic vibration-induced reflex (VIR) when computer controlled stimuli were applied to the three gait muscles of each leg.