Anisotropic scrunching of SMC with a baton-pass mechanism.

DNA-loop extrusion is considered to be a universal principle of structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) proteins with regard to chromosome organization. Despite recent advancements in structural dynamics studies that involve the use of cryogenic-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), etc., the precise molecular mechanism underlying DNA-loop extrusion by SMC proteins remains the subject of ongoing discussions.

Fatal upper aerodigestive tract obstruction in an East Asian finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis sunameri): findings in post-mortem computed tomography.

The present case report aims to outline the post-mortem findings of an East Asian finless porpoise with upper aerodigestive tract obstruction using different post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) visualization techniques and discusses the potential cause of death of this individual. A dead-stranded adult male East Asian finless porpoise was recovered from the Northern coast of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. The carcass was frozen in Jeju National University within 2 h upon first reported.

Analyses of Foveal Avascular Zone in Patients with General Blunt Ocular Trauma Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of blunt ocular trauma (BOT) on foveal circulation, and in particular the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: This retrospective study consisted of 96 eyes (48 traumatized eyes and 48 nontraumatized eyes) from 48 subjects with BOT. We analyzed the FAZ area of deep capillary plexus (DCP) and superficial capillary plexus (SCP) immediately after BOT and at 2 weeks after BOT.

Semiautomated synthesis of sequence-defined polymers for information storage.

Accelerated and parallel synthesis of sequence-defined polymers is an utmost challenge for realizing ultrahigh-density storage of digital information in molecular media. Here, we report step-economical synthesis of sequence-defined poly(l-lactic--glycolic acid)s (PLGAs) using continuous flow chemistry. A reactor performed the programmed coupling of the 2-bit storing building blocks to generate a library of their permutations in a single continuous flow, followed by their sequential convergences to a sequence-defined PLGA storing 64 bits in four successive flows.

A Smartphone-Based Near-Vision Testing System: Design, Accuracy, and Reproducibility Compared With Standard Clinical Measures.

Background And Objective: Ophthalmologic telemedicine has emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study is to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of a smartphone-based home vision monitoring system (Sightbook) and to compare it with existing clinical standards.

Patients And Methods: Near Snellen visual acuity (VA) was measured with Sightbook and compared with conventional measurements for distance and near VA at an academic medical center ophthalmology clinic in 200 patients with a variety of different specified preexisting ocular conditions.

Correlation between Topographic Progression of Geographic Atrophy and Visual Acuity Changes.

Purpose: To analyze topographic progression of geographic atrophy with different concentric circles centered on the fovea in correlation with decrease of visual acuity.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 36 eyes of 26 patients diagnosed with geographic atrophy and followed at least 1 year. One millimeter circular area at the foveal center were defined as zone 1, and doughnut shape areas from between 1 and 2 mm to between 5 and 6 mm were defined as zone 2 to 6.

Synthesis of cubic transition-metal networks from polymer cubosome templates.

The interfacial topology of block copolymer cubic mesophases opens only one of two internal water channel networks for diffusion. Utilizing this topology selection, single and double diamond cubic crystalline networks of Ni were synthesized from cubic block copolymer (BCP) mesophase templates via electroless plating, in which the lattice structures were converted to the polymer cubosome (PC) internal pore networks by selective metal-ion diffusion. This was accomplished by manipulating the BCP molecular weight, which consequently allowed for selective access to the PC internal pore networks.

Longitudinal Microvascular Changes on Optical Coherence Tomographic Angiography after Macula-Off Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Repair Surgery.

Purpose: To investigate longitudinal changes and associated factors for microvascular parameters in macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) after repair surgery.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of 34 eyes with macula-off RRD. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and parafoveal vessel density were recorded every 3 months for 1 year after surgery.

Five-Year Follow-Up of Unaffected Fellow Eyes in Patients with Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) including polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) or any type of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in fellow eyes of unilateral PCV.

Methods: This retrospective study included 48 patients with unilateral PCV. For the initial PCV diagnosis, optical coherence tomography and indocyanine green angiography were performed, and patients with and without neovascularization were compared.

Discrimination study between carcass yield and meat quality by gender in Korean native cattle (Hanwoo).

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify a distribution pattern of meat quality grade (MQG) as a function of carcass yield index (CYI) and the gender of Hanwoo (bull, cow, and steer) to determine the optimum point between both yield and quality. We also attempted to identify how pre- and post-deboning variables affect the gender-specific beef quality of Hanwoo.

Methods: A total of 31 deboning variables, consisting of 7 pre-deboning and 24 post-deboning variables from bulls (n = 139), cows (n = 69), and steers (n = 153), were obtained from the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS) in South Korea.

Progressive retinal neurodegeneration and microvascular change in diabetic retinopathy: longitudinal study using OCT angiography.

Aims: To investigate the association between progressive macular ganglion cell/inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) thinning and change of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)-derived microvascular parameters in early-stage diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study involved 40 eyes presenting with no DR or mild non-proliferative DR at baseline, and 30 healthy controls were included. All participants underwent spectral-domain OCT and OCTA at baseline and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months.

FUNDUS AUTOFLUORESCENCE PATTERNS IN CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY.

Purpose: To investigate the patterns of fundus autofluorescence (FAF) abnormalities in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 126 eyes of 118 patients who were diagnosed with central serous chorioretinopathy from December 2006 to April 2012 at Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea. Fundus autofluorescence patterns were analyzed with spectral domain optical coherence tomography and visual acuity.

Influence of Atlantoaxial Fusion on Sagittal Alignment of the Occipitocervical and Subaxial spines in Os Odontoideum with Atlantoaxial Instability.

Study Design: Retrospective case analysis.

Purpose: We hypothesized that larger the C1-C2 fusion angle, greater the severity of the sagittal malalignment of C0-C1 and C2- C7.

Overview Of Literature: In our experience, instances of sagittal malalignment occur at C0-C1 and C2-C7 following atlantoaxial fusion in patients with Os odontoideum (OO).

Statistical modeling for estimating glucosinolate content in Chinese cabbage by growth conditions.

Background: Glucosinolate in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis (Lour.

Analysis of the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Alzheimer Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Purpose: To compare the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) as well as the macula volume and thickness in the eyes of age-matched healthy controls with no cognitive disabilities with those of elderly people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer disease (AD). We used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to determine the effectiveness of the above quantities for early diagnosis of MCI or AD.

Methods: Ninety eyes were considered in this study, split between 30 normal eyes, 30 eyes from patients with MCI, and 30eyes from patients with AD.

HYPERGLYCEMIA AND HYPOGLYCEMIA IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES IN SKILLED NURSING FACILITIES.

Objective: Endocrinologists are faced with a growing elderly patient population with diabetes mellitus (DM), some of whom are in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs). Efforts at managing their DM is hampered by concerns for hypoglycemia. This study aimed to determine the frequency of hypo- and hyperglycemia in SNFs, and associated factors.

Effects of carboxypeptidase B treatment and elevated temperature on recombinant monoclonal antibody charge variants in cation-exchange chromatography analysis.

Charge variants (acidic and basic) of recombinant monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) have received much attention due to their potential biological effects. C-terminal lysine variants are common in Mabs and their proportion is affected by the manufacturing process. In the present study, changes of trastuzumab charge variants brought about by carboxypeptidase B treatment and subsequent storage at 8 or 37 °C for up to 24 h were monitored by cation-exchange chromatography analysis to investigate the effects of C-terminal lysine cleavage and its subsequent reaction at 8 or 37 °C.

Foveal contour changes following surgery for idiopathic epiretinal membrane.

Purpose: We evaluated the change in foveal contour in eyes with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) before and four months following pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting and epiretinal membrane peeling, and correlated foveal contour with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of consecutive patients undergoing surgery with pre- and postoperative OCT. Foveal contour grading was devised according to the thickness of the fovea relative to the surrounding macula from OCT radial line scans: Grade 0, foveal depression relative to surrounding macula; Grade 1, relative flatness; and Grade 2, fovea thicker than surrounding macula.

Urinary concentrations of dialkylphosphate metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004.

Organophosphorus (OP) insecticides were among the first pesticides that EPA reevaluated as part of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Our goal was to assess exposure to OP insecticides in the U.S.

Two-year results of photodynamic therapy combined with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.

Background/aims: To evaluate the 2-year efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) combined with intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) in patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).

Methods: Twenty-two eyes of 22 patients with PCV followed up for ≥24 months after PDT and anti-VEGF combination therapy were retrospectively reviewed. The patients received intravitreal anti-VEGF (1.

Magnetic resonance imaging of pachymeningeal enhancement in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is a systemic disease consisting of bilateral granulomatous panuveitis combined with cutaneous and neurologic manifestations. However, there have been few reports of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in VKH disease. A 54-year-old Korean woman presented with severe periorbital pain, blurred vision and meningismus.

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus meningitis, New York, NY, USA, 2009.

We describe a case of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) meningitis in a New York, NY, resident who had no apparent risk factors. Clues leading to the diagnosis included aseptic meningitis during winter and the finding of hypoglycorrachia and lymphocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid. LCMV continues to be an underdiagnosed zoonotic disease.

Optical AND/OR gates based on monolithically integrated vertical cavity laser with depleted optical thyristor structure.

Latching optical switches and optical logic gates with AND and OR functionality are demonstrated for the first time by the monolithic integration of a vertical cavity lasers with depleted optical thyristor structure. The thyristors have a low threshold current of 0.65 mA and a high on/off contrast ratio of more than 50 dB.

Heterophyid metacercarial infections in brackish water fishes from Jinju-man (Bay), Kyongsangnam-do, Korea.

Heterophyid metacercarial infections in brackish water fishes, i.e., perch, shad, mullet, redlip mullet, and goby, of Jinju-man (Bay), Kyongsangnam-do, Korea, were investigated using a digestion technique.