Brain vitamin D-auto/paracrine system in relation to structural, neurophysiological, and behavioral disturbances associated with glucocorticoid-induced neurotoxicity.

Introduction: Vitamin D (VD) is a potent para/autocrine regulator and neurosteroid that can strongly influence nerve cell function and counteract the negative effects of glucocorticoid (GC) therapy. The aim of the study was to reveal the relationship between VD status and behavioral, structural-functional and molecular changes associated with GC-induced neurotoxicity.

Methods: Female Wistar rats received synthetic GC prednisolone (5 mg/kg b.

Regulation of the apoptosis/autophagy switch by propionic acid in ventromedial hypothalamus of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Hypothalamic dysregulation may cause abnormal glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The balance between autophagy and apoptosis is important for maintaining cellular/tissue homeostasis and may be disrupted in T2DM.

Objectives: Since propionic acid (PA) exerts neuroprotective effects, the aim was to investigate its effects on apoptosis/autophagy switch in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) of T2DM rats.

Plasma-derived exosomes implement miR-126-associated regulation of cytokines secretion in PBMCs of CHF patients in vitro.

Background The investigation of regulatory effects of intra-exosomal compounds, especially microRNAs, has promising therapeutic prospects in the treatment of numerous diseases, including cardiovascular disorders. In this study, we investigated the effect of healthy donors` plasma exosomes (HDPE) on the production of cytokines by PBMC cells of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and showed the integral role of miRNA-126 in CHF-mediated changes of mononuclear paracrine secretion. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMСs) were isolated from a peripheral blood of fifteen patients with CHF (age, 66,8±9,8 years; left ventricular ejection fraction, 44±19%).

The link between vitamin D status and NF-κB-associated renal dysfunction in experimental diabetes mellitus.

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is accompanied by numerous side effects, including renal dysfunction. Mounting evidence suggests that overactivation of nuclear factor ĸB (NF-κB) is one of the key triggers of diabetes-associated chronic kidney disease. Vitamin D is considered as a strong modulator of a number of transcription factors, including NF-κB.

Structure-based virtual screening and biological evaluation of novel inhibitors of mycobacterium Z-ring formation.

The major part of commercial prodrugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect on cell division and inhibition of bacterial growth in vitro. However, further implementation often failed to overcome the compensatory system of interchangeable cascades. This is the most common situation for the compounds, which hit the key enzymes activities involved in all basic stages of the cell cycle.

Vitamin D Auto-/Paracrine System Is Involved in Modulation of Glucocorticoid-Induced Changes in Angiogenesis/Bone Remodeling Coupling.

Osteoporosis is a devastating side effect of chronic glucocorticoid (GC) treatment. Despite the crucial role of vitamin D (VD) in bone homeostasis, the precise molecular mechanisms of its action on GC-induced disturbances of bone remodeling remain undefined. The study was performed to elucidate the relation of VD status to GC-induced changes of the angiogenesis/osteogenesis/bone resorption coupling in bone tissue.

Vitamin D Modulates Impaired Crosstalk Between RANK and Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling in Bone Marrow Cells After Chronic Prednisolone Administration.

The effectiveness of vitamin D (cholecalciferol) in counteracting the side effects of glucocorticoid (GC) therapy has been demonstrated previously. Abnormalities in systemic hormonal and local (cytokine) regulation of bone marrow (BM) cells may underlie GC-induced imbalance between osteosynthesis and bone resorption. The cytokine system receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) is considered as an integrating link in the NF-κB-mediated interaction of various cells involved in maintaining osteoblastic-osteoclastic balance, which makes it a pharmacological target for regulation and correction of the bone remodeling process.

Nerve Regeneration in Conditions of HSV-Infection and an Antiviral Drug Influence.

Herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-I) is a latent neuroinfection which can cause focal brain lesion. The role of HSV-infection in nerve regeneration has not been studied so far. The aim of the work was to study sciatic nerve regeneration in the presence of HSV-infection and the influence of an antiviral drug.