Enzalutamide in Combination with Abiraterone Acetate in Bone Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients.

Background: It is hypothesised that cotargeting the androgen receptor (AR) and paracrine androgen biosynthesis with enzalutamide and abiraterone acetate in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) will dissipate adaptive feedback loops observed with either agent alone.

Objective: To assess the safety, efficacy, androgen signalling/metabolome, and drug-drug interactions (DDIs) of enzalutamide with abiraterone acetate in progressive bone mCRPC (bmCRPC).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This open-label, single-centre interventional study was conducted in bmCRPC patients.

Direct nanomechanical measurements of boron nitride nanotube-ceramic interfaces.

Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are a unique class of light and strong tubular nanostructure and are highly promising as reinforcing additives in ceramic materials. However, the mechanical strength of BNNT-ceramic interfaces remains largely unexplored. Here we report the first direct measurement of the interfacial strength by pulling out individual BNNTs from silica (silicon dioxide) matrices using in situ electron microscopy techniques.

Author Correction: Quantitative Characterization of Structural and Mechanical Properties of Boron Nitride Nanotubes in High Temperature Environments.

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Quantitative Characterization of Structural and Mechanical Properties of Boron Nitride Nanotubes in High Temperature Environments.

The structural stability and mechanical integrity of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) in high temperature environments are of importance in pursuit of their applications that are involved with extreme thermal processing and/or working conditions, but remain not well understood. In this paper, we perform an extensive study of the impacts of high temperature exposure on the structural and mechanical properties of BNNTs with a full structural size spectrum from nano- to micro- to macro-scale by using a variety of in situ and ex situ material characterization techniques. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements reveal that the structures of individual BNNTs can survive at up to 850 °C in air and capture the signs of their structural degradation at 900 °C or above.

Clinical outcomes and survival surrogacy studies of prostate-specific antigen declines following enzalutamide in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer previously treated with docetaxel.

Background: In the AFFIRM trial, enzalutamide significantly increased overall survival (OS) for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) after chemotherapy versus placebo and significantly decreased prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. The goal of this post hoc analysis was to associate levels of PSA decline from baseline after enzalutamide with clinical outcomes in the postchemotherapy mCRPC setting.

Methods: Men in the AFFIRM trial (n = 1199) were grouped by maximal PSA decline in the first 90 days of treatment.

ASP9853, an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase dimerization, in combination with docetaxel: preclinical investigation and a Phase I study in advanced solid tumors.

Purpose: ASP9853 is an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) dimerization, which results in decreased NO production. Here, we report preclinical pharmacology of ASP9853 and the impact of ASP9853 in combination with a taxane on tumor volume in vivo. In addition, a Phase I open-label study of ASP9853 plus docetaxel was conducted to assess this combination in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Safety of enzalutamide in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer previously treated with docetaxel: expanded access in North America.

Background: The open-label, single-arm enzalutamide expanded access program (EAP) in the United States and Canada evaluated the safety of enzalutamide in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who had previously received docetaxel.

Methods: Patients (n = 507) received enzalutamide 160 mg/day until disease progression, intolerable adverse events (AEs), or commercial availability occurred. AEs and other safety variables were assessed on day 1, weeks 4 and 12, and every 12 weeks thereafter.

Impact of the mode of detection on outcome in breast cancer patients treated with breast-conserving therapy.

The impact of the mode of detection on outcome in patients with early stage breast cancer treated with breast-conserving therapy (BCT) was reviewed. Between January 1980 and December 1987, 400 cases of stage I and II breast cancer were treated with BCT. All patients underwent an excisional biopsy, external beam irradiation (RT) to the whole breast (45-50 Gy), and a boost to 60 Gy to the tumor bed.

Impact of clinical, pathologic, and treatment-related factors on outcome in patients with locally advanced breast cancer treated with multimodality therapy.

The authors reviewed the experience at their institution treating patients with locally advanced breast cancer using multimodality therapy to identify clinical, pathologic, and treatment-related factors affecting outcome. One hundred patients with locally advanced breast cancer were treated with definitive therapy at William Beaumont Hospital. Three patients had stage IIB disease, 45 patients had stage IIIA disease, and 52 patients had IIIB disease.

Adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head: a community teaching hospital's experience from 1982 to 1992.

The treatment of adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head remains variable, with multiple therapeutic options including surgery, biliary stenting, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. We retrospectively reviewed our experience from 1982 through 1992, which included 160 patients with this diagnosis, evaluating their treatments and outcomes. There were 66 males and 94 females, with a mean age of 70+/-11 years.

The correlation between the ASTRO Consensus Panel definition of biochemical failure and clinical outcome for patients with prostate cancer treated with external beam irradiation. American Society of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

Purpose: We reviewed our institution's experience treating patients with external beam irradiation (RT) to determine if the ASTRO Consensus Panel definition of biochemical failure (BF) following radiation therapy correlates with clinical distant metastases free survival (DMFS), disease-free survival (DFS), cause-specific survival (CSS), and local control (LC).

Methods And Materials: Between 1/1/87 and 12/31/92, 568 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer received external beam irradiation (RT) using localized prostate fields at William Beaumont Hospital (median total dose 66.6 Gy; range: 60-70.

Effect of dopamine on renal function after arteriography in patients with pre-existing renal insufficiency.

Contrast media-induced nephropathy is one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired renal failure, occurring most frequently in patients with pre-existing renal insufficiency. We prospectively studied 55 patients with chronic renal insufficiency (serum creatinine concentration 1.4 to 3.

Nosocomial Candida glabrata colonization: an epidemiologic study.

Candida glabrata has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen, yet little is known about its epidemiology. We prospectively followed 98 patients admitted to a medical intensive care unit and the bone marrow transplant unit of a university hospital. Samples from environmental surfaces and the hands of hospital personnel were also cultured.

Long term results with breast-conserving therapy for patients with early stage breast carcinoma in a community hospital setting.

Background: Prospective randomized trials and retrospective reviews from academic centers have documented the success of breast-conserving therapy (BCT) for patients with early stage breast carcinoma. The authors retrospectively reviewed the outcome of BCT for early stage breast carcinoma to determine the success of BCT at the study institution, a 1000-bed community hospital.

Methods: Between January 1980 and December 1987, 400 cases of Stage I and II breast carcinoma were managed with BCT at the study institution.

Conformal high dose rate iridium-192 boost brachytherapy in locally advanced prostate cancer: superior prostate-specific antigen response compared with external beam treatment.

Purpose: Prostate-specific antigen levels are used to judge disease control of prostate cancer. No published data attest to the greater ability of conformal brachytherapy to control disease compared with conventional radiation at a single institution. This report compares the biochemical response rates in patients with stages T2b to T3c prostate cancer treated with conformal brachytherapy boost and external beam radiation with the rates in patients treated with conventional external radiation alone.

The role of regional nodal irradiation in the management of patients with early-stage breast cancer treated with breast-conserving therapy.

Purpose: To determine the incidence of regional nodal failure (RNF) and indications for regional nodal irradiation (RNI) in patients with Stage I and II breast cancer treated with breast-conserving therapy (BCT).

Methods And Materials: Four hundred fifty-six patients with Stage I/II breast cancer were treated with BCT at William Beaumont Hospital. All patients underwent excisional biopsy and 288 (63%) were reexcised.

An analysis of clinical and treatment related prognostic factors on outcome using biochemical control as an end-point in patients with prostate cancer treated with external beam irradiation.

Purpose: We reviewed our institution's experience in treating patients with clinically localized prostate cancer with external beam irradiation (RT) to determine if previously analyzed clinical and treatment related prognostic factors affected outcome when biochemical control was used as an end-point to evaluate results.

Materials And Methods: Between 1 January 1987 and 31 December 1991, 470 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer were treated with external beam RT using localized prostate fields at William Beaumont Hospital. Biochemical control was defined as PSA nadir < or =1.

Ductal carcinoma in situ detected in the mammographic era: an analysis of clinical, pathologic, and treatment-related factors affecting outcome with breast-conserving therapy.

Purpose: We reviewed our institution's experience treating predominantly mammographically detected ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with breast-conserving therapy (BCT) to determine if any clinical, pathologic, or treatment-related factors affected outcome.

Methods And Materials: From January 2, 1980 to January 6, 1992, 107 breasts in 105 patients were treated with BCT at William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI. All patients underwent at least an excisional biopsy and 70 patients (65%) were reexcised.

The impact of temporary iodine-125 interstitial implant boost in the primary management of squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx.

Background: To define the impact of interstitial boost of the oropharynx on local control and complications using iodine-125 (I-125) brachytherapy.

Methods: Between October 1986 and September 1991, 19 patients with cancer of the oropharynx received treatment at William Beaumont Hospital. Primary tumors consisted of 13 base of tongue, 4 tonsillar, and 2 pharyngeal wall lesions.

Long-term outcome with interstitial brachytherapy in the management of patients with early-stage breast cancer treated with breast-conserving therapy.

Purpose: We reviewed our institution's experience with interstitial implant boosts to determine their long-term impact on local control and cosmetic results.

Methods And Materials: Between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 1987, 390 women with 400 cases of Stage I and II breast cancer were managed with breast-conserving therapy (BCT) at William Beaumont Hospital. All patients were treated with an excisional biopsy and 253 (63%) underwent reexcision.

Assessing the variability of outcome for patients treated with localized prostate irradiation using different definitions of biochemical control.

Purpose: Biochemical control using serial posttreatment serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels is being increasingly used to assess treatment efficacy for localized prostate cancer. However, no standardized definition of biochemical control has been established. We reviewed our experience treating patients with localized prostate cancer and applied three different commonly used definitions of biochemical control to determine if differences in therapeutic outcome would be observed.

Excellent functional outcome in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the base of tongue treated with external irradiation and interstitial iodine 125 boost.

Background: Local control, functional outcome, and complications in patients with carcinoma of the base of tongue (BOT) were analyzed to assess the impact of interstitial implant boost with I-125 seeds.

Methods: Between December 1986 and May 1995, 16 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the BOT received treatment at the William Beaumont Hospital and 4 received treatment at the Northern Virginia Cancer Center. The primary tumor classification for this group consisted of T1/T2-11 patients, T3/T4-9 patients.

Patient-controlled analgesia versus patient-controlled analgesia plus continuous infusion after hip replacement surgery.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and adverse effect profile of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) versus PCA plus continuous infusion (PCACI) after hip replacement surgery.

Design: Prospective, randomized, open pilot study.

Setting: Large teaching institution.

Levels of hepatitis C virus RNA and liver histology in chronic type C hepatitis.

Background: The clinical and pathologic significance of quantitative serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels in patients with chronic type C hepatitis is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether serum levels of HCV RNA were associated with mode of viral transmission or with histological severity of liver disease.

Methods: A branched DNA signal amplification assay for HCV RNA was done on the sera of 127 patients with well-defined risk factors for viral hepatitis.