Unlocking the Potential of Isopropanol as an Eco-Friendly Eluent for Large-Scale Fractionation of Fulvic Acids via Preparative Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Multidimensional RP-HPLC: Evaluation of Molecular Diversity and Element Composition.

Humic substances are organic mixtures of extreme complexity, which significantly complicate their analysis by any method. Fractionation into more homogeneous mixtures seems to be almost the only way to overcome these difficulties. Preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) provides almost any amounts of substances required for both further fractionation and studies by other methods.

Noise Filtering Algorithm Using Gaussian Mixture Models for High-Resolution Mass Spectra of Natural Organic Matter.

High-resolution mass spectra of natural organic matter (NOM) contain a large number of noise signals. These signals interfere with the correct molecular composition estimation during nontargeted analysis because formula-assignment programs find empirical formulas for such peaks as well. Previously proposed noise filtering methods that utilize the profile of the intensity distribution of mass spectrum peaks rely on a histogram to calculate the intensity threshold value.

Extended characterization of anti-CD19 CAR T cell products manufactured at the point of care using the CliniMACS Prodigy system: comparison of donor sources and process duration.

Background Aims: The CliniMACS Prodigy closed system is widely used for the manufacturing of chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells). Our study presents an extensive immunophenotypic and functional characterization and comparison of the properties of anti-CD19 CAR-T cell products obtained during long (11 days) and short (7 days) manufacturing cycles using the CliniMACS Prodigy system, as well as cell products manufactured from different donor sources of T lymphocytes: from patients, from patients who underwent HSCT, and from haploidentical donors. We also present the possibility of assessing the efficiency of transduction by an indirect method.

Humic Polyelectrolytes Facilitate Rapid Microwave Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Suitable for Wound-Healing Applications.

This article describes the one-pot microwave synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) assisted with natural polyelectrolytes-humic substances (HS). The humic polyelectrolytes served both as chemical reductants for silver ions and as end-capping agents for AgNPs. Three commercially available sodium humates extracted from lignites and leonardite and one sodium fulvate isolated from natural brown water seeped through peat deposits were used in this study.

Yedoma Permafrost Releases Organic Matter with Lesser Affinity for Cu and Ni as Compared to Peat from the Non-Permafrost Area: Risk of Rising Toxicity of Potentially Toxic Elements in the Arctic Ocean.

Pollution of the Arctic Ocean by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is a current environmental problem. Humic acids (HAs) play an important role in the regulation of PTE mobility in soil and water. The permafrost thaw releases ancient organic matter (OM) with a specific molecular composition into the Arctic watersheds.

Switchable targeting of solid tumors by BsCAR T cells.

The development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has become a critical milestone in modern oncotherapy. Despite the remarkable in vitro effectiveness, the problem of safety and efficacy of CAR T cell therapy against solid tumors is challenged by the lack of tumor-specific antigens required to avoid on-target off-tumor effects. Spatially separating the cytotoxic function of CAR T cells from tumor antigen recognition provided by protein mediators allows for the precise control of CAR T cell cytotoxicity.

Infrared Spectroscopy in Aqueous Solutions: Capabilities and Challenges.

Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy provides rapid, reliable, quantitative, and qualitative analysis of samples in different aggregation states, i.e., gases, thin films, solids, liquids, etc.

FTIR Photoacoustic and ATR Spectroscopies of Soils with Aggregate Size Fractionation by Dry Sieving.

Granulometric fractionation as a source of additional information on organic-matter and inorganic matrix components of soils using FTIR-photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS) supported by attenuated-total reflection FTIR spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) for a wide range of aggregate fractions (10-5000 μm) was used to compare the sensitivity, reproducibility, information contents, and representativity of fractionated samples. For chernozem and sod-podzolic soils and different agricultural-use chernozem samples, differences in the composition were found, manifested in normalized spectra of microaggregate fractions, with the range of 10-100 μm bearing the complete information. Most changes are observed in the soil organic matter range (1900-1340 cm), although these changes are slight, and in the soil-matrix region (550-300 cm).

A Use of Tritium-Labeled Peat Fulvic Acids and Polyphenolic Derivatives for Designing Pharmacokinetic Experiments on Mice.

Natural products (e.g., polyphenols) have been used as biologically active compounds for centuries.

Thermal Conductivity of Detonation Nanodiamond Hydrogels and Hydrosols by Direct Heat Flux Measurements.

The methodology and results of thermal conductivity measurements by the heat-flow technique for the detonation nanodiamond suspension gels, sols, and powders of several brands in the range of nanoparticle concentrations of 2-100% / are discussed. The conditions of assessing the thermal conductivity of the fluids and gels (a FOX 50 heat-flow meter) with the reproducibility (relative standard deviation) of 1% are proposed. The maximum increase of 13% was recorded for the nanodiamond gels (140 mg mL or 4% /) of the RDDM brand, at 0.

Green and rapid preparation of long-term stable aqueous dispersions of fullerenes and endohedral fullerenes: The pros and cons of an ultrasonic probe.

A green, scalable, and sustainable approach to prepare aqueous fullerene dispersions (AFD) C, C, endohedral metallofullerene Gd@C, and their derivatives CCl, CCl, and supramolecular and ester-like derivatives, 10 fullerene species total, is proposed. For the first time, an immersed ultrasonic probe was used to preparing dispersions for pristine fullerenes without addends. Both ultrasound-assisted solvent-exchange and direct sonication techniques for AFD preparation using an immersed probe were tested.

Speciation of organosulfur compounds in carbonaceous chondrites.

Despite broad application of different analytical techniques for studies on organic matter of chondrite meteorites, information about composition and structure of individual compounds is still very limited due to extreme molecular diversity of extraterrestrial organic matter. Here we present the first application of isotopic exchange assisted Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) for analysis of alkali extractable fraction of insoluble organic matter (IOM) of the Murchison and Allende meteorites. This allowed us to determine the individual S-containing ions with different types of sulfur atoms in IOM.

Taphonomic experiments imply a possible link between the evolution of multicellularity and the fossilization potential of soft-bodied organisms.

The reliability of evolutionary reconstructions based on the fossil record critically depends on our knowledge of the factors affecting the fossilization of soft-bodied organisms. Despite considerable research effort, these factors are still poorly understood. In order to elucidate the main prerequisites for the preservation of soft-bodied organisms, we conducted long-term (1-5 years) taphonomic experiments with the model crustacean buried in five different sediments.

Detonation Nanodiamonds: A Comparison Study by Photoacoustic, Diffuse Reflectance, and Attenuated Total Reflection FTIR Spectroscopies.

The qualitative analysis of nanodiamonds by FTIR spectrometry as photoacoustic (FTIR-PAS), diffuse-reflectance (DRIFT), and attenuated total reflection (ATR) modalities was evaluated for rapid and nondestructive analysis and comparison of nanodiamonds. The reproducibility and signal-gathering depth of spectra was compared. The assignment of characteristic bands showed that only six groups of bands were present in spectra of all the modalities with appropriate sensitivity: 1760 (C=O stretch, isolated carboxyl groups); 1640-1632 (H-O-H bend, liquid water); 1400-1370 (non-carboxyl C-O-H in-plane bend and CH deformation); 1103 (non-carboxyl C-O stretch); 1060 (in-plane C-H bend, non-aromatic hydrocarbons and carbohydrates); 940 cm (out-of-plane carboxyl C-O-H bend).

La, Ce and Nd in the soil-plant system in a vegetation experiment with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).

Rare earth elements (REEs) have received enormous attention in recent years. However, there are many gaps in the understanding of their behavior in the soil-plant system. The aim of this study is to investigate the behavior of three most common REEs (La, Ce, Nd) in the soil-plant system directly on soil samples using barley (Hordeum vulgare L.

FTIR photoacoustic spectroscopy for identification and assessment of soil components: Chernozems and their size fractions.

FTIR photoacoustic spectroscopy was used to approach inorganic matrix components and organic-matter constituents of chernozem size fractions (1-5000 μm, by dry sieving) with a different history of use (from intact steppe to permanent bare fallow, a continuous long-term field experiment). The conditions of FTIR photoacoustic measurements in continuous-scan modes were compared with attenuated total reflection measurements, the advantages of photoacoustic measurements resulting from a higher intensity of the incident radiation and signal-generating volume were discussed. Overtone peaks of quartz as a soil matrix component at 2000-1700 cm were selected as a possible internal-standard (guide) bands for the comparison of photoacoustic spectra.

Photoacoustic and photothermal methods in spectroscopy and characterization of soils and soil organic matter.

Review sums up the application of photoacoustic and photothermal spectroscopies for the analysis and characterization of soils and soil organic matter and discusses the outlooks in this area.

Application of copper plates for frequency tuning of surface wired and wireless MRI coils.

This study shows how a copper plate could be used for frequency tuning of surface wired and wireless MRI coils. For this purpose, it is proposed to place the copper plate directly on their conducting circuit. This leads to increase in the resonance frequency of coils.

Titanium Oxide Microspheres with Tunable Size and Phase Composition.

Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, monodisperse titanium oxide microspheres can be used in dye-sensitized solar cells, as cosmetic pigments, and for other applications. However, the synthesis of microspheres with narrow size distribution, desired phase composition, and porosity is still a challenge. In this work, spherical titania particles with controllable size, crystallinity, and pore size were obtained by Ti(OBu) hydrolysis in ethanol.

Eco-Friendly Iron-Humic Nanofertilizers Synthesis for the Prevention of Iron Chlorosis in Soybean () Grown in Calcareous Soil.

Iron deficiency is a frequent problem for many crops, particularly in calcareous soils and iron humates are commonly applied in the Mediterranean basin in spite of their lesser efficiency than iron synthetic chelates. Development and application of new fertilizers using nanotechnology are one of the potentially effective options of enhancing the iron humates, according to the sustainable agriculture. Particle size, pH, and kinetics constrain the iron humate efficiency.

Separation of Benzoic and Unconjugated Acidic Components of Leonardite Humic Material Using Sequential Solid-Phase Extraction at Different pH Values as Revealed by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry and Correlation Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.

Here, we report on sequential solid-phase extraction of leonardite hymatomelanic acid (CHM) on a non-ionic sorbent at four steadily lowered pH values: 7, 5, 3, and 2, yielding fractions with different acidic properties. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry, we revealed a gradual shift of dominating scaffolds in the fractions of CHM from reduced saturated to oxidized aromatic compounds. An increase on the average aromaticity of the CHM fractions was accompanied by a red shift in fluorescence spectra.

Toxicity assay of lanthanum and cerium in solutions and soil.

Lanthanum (La) and cerium (Ce) are one of the most abundant rare earth elements (REEs). In spite of quite extensive studying of the effects of these lanthanides on biota, some contradictions remain in the results. Also little is known about the effect of lanthanum and cerium on plant cells and their mitotic cycle, especially in soils.

Small-animal, whole-body imaging with metamaterial-inspired RF coil.

Particular applications in preclinical magnetic resonance imaging require the entire body of an animal to be imaged with sufficient quality. This is usually performed by combining regions scanned with small coils with high sensitivity or long scans using large coils with low sensitivity. Here, a metamaterial-inspired design employing a parallel array of wires operating on the principle of eigenmode hybridization was used to produce a small-animal imaging coil.