Evaluation of etanercept (a tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor) as an effective treatment for joint disease in mucopolysaccharidosis type I. A case report with whole-body magnetic resonance imaging.

Summary: A 12-year-old girl with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type I (Gurler-Scheie syndrome, Q70X/del C683 of the IDUA gene in the compound heterozygous state) regularly received enzyme replacement therapy (laronidase) since the preclinical stage (6 months old) due to positive family history, and started etanercept treatment due to progression of joint pain and decreasing capability to walk. The patient had a significant reduction of pain in the joints and an expansion of daily physical activity without adverse events. A decrease in bone marrow edema without foci progression compared to baseline assessment was observed in the whole-body MRI.

COVID-19 in Children: Molecular Profile and Pathological Features.

Although the World Health Organization has declared the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, doctors continue to register new cases of the disease among both adults and children. Unfortunately, the course of COVID-19 in children can have a severe form, with death being a potential outcome. The absence of published works discussing the pathological morphology of COVID-19 in children prevents the objective analysis of the disease's pathogenesis, including among the adult population.

Silencing of Fli1 Gene Mimics Effects of Preeclampsia and Induces Collagen Synthesis in Human Umbilical Arteries.

Background: Previously we demonstrated that in patients with preeclampsia elevated levels of endogenous Na/K-ATPase inhibitor, marinobufagenin, cause inhibition of Friend leukemia virus integration 1 (Fli1), a negative regulator of collagen-1 synthesis. We hypothesized that in vitro silencing of Fli1 in healthy human umbilical arteries would be associated with an increase in collagen-1 output, similar to the effect of preeclampsia in rat and human tissues.

Methods: The isolated segments of healthy human umbilical arteries were tested for sensitivity to MBG and Fli1 silencing with Fli1 siRNA or control siRNA.

Russian Physicians Burnout during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study.

To study burnout of Russian physicians in the conditions of COVID-19 pandemic and how their work with coronavirus-infected patients influenced it. According to a three-factor model of burnout developed by Maslach and Jackson, this syndrome includes emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduction of personal accomplishment. A cross-sectional survey study.

Maternal Melatonin Deficiency Leads to Endocrine Pathologies in Children in Early Ontogenesis.

The review summarizes the results of experimental and clinical studies aimed at elucidating the causes and pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of endocrine pathology in children. The modern data on the role of epigenetic influences in the early ontogenesis of unfavorable factors that violate the patterns of the formation of regulatory mechanisms during periods of critical development of fetal organs and systems and contribute to the delayed development of pathological conditions are considered. The mechanisms of the participation of melatonin in the regulation of metabolic processes and the key role of maternal melatonin in the formation of the circadian system of regulation in the fetus and in the protection of the genetic program of its morphofunctional development during pregnancy complications are presented.

The Role of Prenatal Melatonin in the Regulation of Childhood Obesity.

There is a growing awareness that pregnancy can set the foundations for an array of diverse medical conditions in the offspring, including obesity. A wide assortment of factors, including genetic, epigenetic, lifestyle, and diet can influence foetal outcomes. This article reviews the role of melatonin in the prenatal modulation of offspring obesity.

Antibody against Na/K-ATPase Inhibitor Lowers Blood Pressure and Increases Vascular Fli1 in Experimental Preeclampsia.

Background: Previous studies implicated cardiotonic steroids, including Na/K-ATPase inhibitor marinobufagenin (MBG), in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE). We demonstrated that MBG induces fibrosis via mechanism involving inhibition of Fli1, a nuclear transcription factor and a negative regulator of collagen-1 synthesis. We hypothesized that PE blockade of increased MBG with antibody would lessen the fibrosis of umbilical arteries and lower the blood pressure in rats with PE.

Retrospective surveillance of antibiotic use in maternity wards and neonatal intensive care units in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Antibiotic overuse in infants is associated with an increased risk of serious adverse events. Development of antibiotic stewardship programs aimed at reducing overall antibiotic consumption requires epidemiological surveillance. Retrospective surveillance and evaluation of all antibiotics provided to every infant admitted to maternal wards or neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) from 01 January 2014 to 31 December 2014 were performed in five medical centers of Saint Petersburg, Russia.

The myogenic mechanism of synchronization and coordination for uterine myocytes contractions during labor.

The article summarized the results of many years studying of synchronization and coordination of uterine myocytes contractile activity during physiological labor contractions. The authors suggest that the physiological basis for these processes is the mechanoreceptor mechanism of feedback for the stretching which is one of the fundamental mechanisms for control contractile activity of uterine myocytes during parturition.