Effect of trematode infection on cardiac activity of marine gastropod Littorina littorea in situ and under laboratory conditions.

Physiological mechanisms underlying relationships between the trematode parthenitae and their molluscan hosts are poorly understood. In this study, we estimated the cardiac function of gastropods Littorina littorea L. infected with Himasthla elongata and Cryptocotyle lingua under laboratory conditions and in situ.

Application of a Novel Computer-Aided System to Monitor Cardiac Activity in a Mussel Undergoing Starfish Predation.

AbstractWe explored a modified, computer-aided monitoring system for continuous, long-term recording of Bivalvia cardiac activity. To estimate the capabilities of this system, we used it to monitor the cardiac activity of a mussel () under predation threat from a starfish (). In addition, we used a web camera to track the behavioral responses of these animals.

Influence of Himasthla elongata (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) metacercariae on heart rate in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis).

Whether metacercariae of the digenean Himasthla elongata (Himasthlidae) are harmful to their secondary intermediate hosts, the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, is a disputable question. To shed light on this issue, we performed field monitoring of the heart rate (HR) in mussels infected with H. elongata over a period of 1.