Ligamentous and capsular injuries of metacarpophalangeal joints: Comprehensive analysis and clinical insights.

This review provides a detailed analysis of the anatomy, mechanisms, and management of ligamentous and capsular injuries in metacarpophalangeal joints (MCPJs). The MCPJ is a condyloid joint with unique anatomical features, including a sagittal cam effect that enhances stability in flexion. Ligaments, tendons, and joint capsules contribute to the overall stability and mobility of MCPJs.

Do You Really Need a Hand Surgeon? Distal Radius Fractures.

Distal radius fractures are one of the most common injuries treated by orthopaedic surgeons. As the number of distal radius fractures grows and practice patterns demonstrate more of these fractures are treated surgically, it is incumbent for orthopaedic surgeons to understand the fundamentals of evaluation, treatment, and rehabilitation.

Evaluation of rotator cuff abduction moment arms for superior capsular reconstruction and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

Purpose: The rotator cuff (RC) muscles contribute to dynamic stability and rotational actions of the glenohumeral joint. Moment arm can be used to demonstrate the potential work a muscle contributes to a musculoskeletal joint rotation. This study aimed to understand the moment arm contributions of the RC muscles and explore changes following a complete supraspinatus tear treated with either superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) or reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA).

Effects of implant rotational malposition on contact surface area after implantation of the augmented glenoid baseplate in the setting of glenoid bone loss.

Aim Of The Study: Augmented glenoid baseplates are utilized in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in the setting of glenoid bone loss. These implants permit lateralization of the joint line and correction of bony version abnormalities. To allow bone preservation in the setting of abnormal bony version or deficiency, the backside of the augmented glenoid baseplate is not perpendicular to the axis of the central post/screw.

Biomechanics in an Incomplete Versus Complete Supraspinatus Tear: A Cadaveric Study.

Background: Degenerative and traumatic changes to the rotator cuff can result in massive and irreparable rotator cuff tears (RCTs).

Purpose/hypothesis: The study objective was to conduct a biomechanical comparison between a small, incomplete RCT and a large, complete RCT. We hypothesized that the incomplete supraspinatus (SS) tear would lead to an incremental loss of abduction force and preserve vertical position of the humeral head, while a complete SS tear would cause superior humeral migration, decrease functional deltoid abduction force, and increase passive range of motion (ROM).

Biomechanical effects of superior capsular reconstruction in a rotator cuff-deficient shoulder: a cadaveric study.

Background: Superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) has been gaining popularity as a treatment for irreparable rotator cuff tears (RCTs), especially in younger patients. This biomechanical study aimed to investigate how SCR affects functional abduction force, humeral head migration, and passive range of motion following an irreparable RCT. We hypothesized that SCR will restore these parameters to nearly intact shoulder levels.

The biomechanics of the supraspinatus-deficient shoulder treated with superior capsular reconstruction vs. reverse total shoulder arthroplasty-experimental study.

Aim Of The Study: Our objective was to compare biomechanical effects of superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) on shoulder motion, in the setting of an irreparable supraspinatus (SS) tear. We hypothesized that rTSA would produce greater improvement in abduction force and shift the humerus inferiorly, while SCR would produce greater range of motion (ROM) and prevent superior migration of the humerus during abduction.

Methods: Six cadaveric shoulders were evaluated using a custom biomechanical apparatus.

Is Arthroscopic Transosseous Rotator Cuff Repair Strength Dependent on the Tunnel Angle?

Background: Previous studies have aimed to biomechanically improve the transosseous tunnel technique of rotator cuff repair. However, no previous work has addressed tunnel inclination at the time of surgery as an influence on the strength of the repair construct.

Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the tunnel angle and entry point would influence the biomechanical strength of the transosseous tunnel in rotator cuff repair.

A Glutathione Precursor Reduces Oxidative Injury to Cultured Embryonic Cardiomyocytes.

Background: Newborn infants are highly vulnerable to oxidative stress. Following birth asphyxia, oxidative injury due to ischemia-reperfusion can result in significant brain and heart damage, leading to death or long-term disability.

Study Question: The study objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of antioxidant gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine (γGlu-Cys) in inhibiting oxidative injury to cultured embryonic cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells).