Synthesis and Structural and Strength Properties of xLiZrO-(1-x)MgO Ceramics-Materials for Blankets.

The article considers the effect of doping with magnesium oxide (MgO) on changes in the properties of lithium-containing ceramics based on lithium metazirconate (LiZrO). There is interest in this type of ceramics on account of their prospects for application in tritium production in thermonuclear power engineering, as well as several other applications related to alternative energy sources. During the investigations undertaken, it was found that variation in the MgO dopant concentration above 0.

Study of the Aid Effect of CuO-TiO-NbO on the Dielectric and Structural Properties of Alumina Ceramics.

The aim of this work is to study the structural, dielectric, and mechanical properties of aluminum oxide ceramics with the triple sintering additive 4CuO-TiO-2NbO. With an increase in sintering temperature from 1050 to 1500 °C, the average grain size and the microhardness value at a load of 100 N (HV0.1) increased with increasing density.

Study of the Mechanisms of Radiation Softening and Swelling upon Irradiation of TiTaNbV Alloys with He Ions with an Energy of 40 keV.

This paper presents simulation results of the ionization losses of incident He ions with an energy of 40 keV during the passage of incident ions in the near-surface layer of alloys based on TiTaNbV with a variation of alloy components. For comparison, data on the ionization losses of incident He ions in pure niobium, followed by the addition of vanadium, tantalum, and titanium to the alloy in equal stoichiometric proportions, are presented. With the use of indentation methods, the dependences of the change in the strength properties of the near-surface layer of alloys were determined.

Eco-Friendly Electroless Template Synthesis of Cu-Based Composite Track-Etched Membranes for Sorption Removal of Lead(II) Ions.

This paper reports the synthesis of composite track-etched membranes (TeMs) modified with electrolessly deposited copper microtubules using copper deposition baths based on environmentally friendly and non-toxic reducing agents (ascorbic acid (Asc), glyoxylic acid (Gly), and dimethylamine borane (DMAB)), and comparative testing of their lead(II) ion removal capacity via batch adsorption experiments. The structure and composition of the composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction technique and scanning electron and atomic force microscopies. The optimal conditions for copper electroless plating were determined.

Investigation of the Effect of PbO Doping on Telluride Glass Ceramics as a Potential Material for Gamma Radiation Shielding.

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of PbO doping of multicomponent composite glass-like ceramics based on TeO, WO, BiO, MoO, and SiO, which are one of the promising materials for gamma radiation shielding. According to X-ray diffraction data, it was found that the PbO dopant concentration increase from 0.10 to 0.

Synthesis and Characterization of the Properties of (1-x)SiN-xAlO Ceramics with Variation of the Components.

The aim of this paper is to study the effect of variation in the component ratio of (1-x)SiN-xAlO ceramics on the phase composition, strength and thermal properties of ceramics. To obtain ceramics and their further study, the solid-phase synthesis method combined with thermal annealing of samples at a temperature of 1500 °C typical for the initialization of phase transformation processes was used. The relevance and novelty of this study lies in obtaining new data on the processes of phase transformations with a variation in the composition of ceramics, as well as determining the effect of the phase composition on the resistance of ceramics to external influences.

Evaluation of the Influence of Grain Sizes of Nanostructured WO Ceramics on the Resistance to Radiation-Induced Softening.

The main purpose of this study is to test a hypothesis about the effect of grain size on the resistance to destruction and changes in the strength and mechanical properties of oxide ceramics subjected to irradiation. WO powders were chosen as objects of study, which have a number of unique properties that meet the requirements for their use as a basis for inert matrices of dispersed nuclear fuel. The grain-size variation in WO ceramics was investigated by mechanochemical grinding of powders with different grinding speeds.

Study of Radiation-Induced Damage Processes in CeZrO-YZrO Ceramics Caused by Helium Irradiation.

Composite oxide ceramics CeZrO-YZrO obtained by mechanochemical synthesis were chosen as objects of study. The most dangerous type of radiation defect in structural materials is associated with helium accumulation in the structure of the near-surface layer. This can lead to the destruction and swelling of the material, resulting in a decrease in its strength and thermal characteristics.

Study of Phase Transformations and Hyperfine Interactions in FeO and FeO@Au Nanoparticles.

The paper presents the results of a study of iron oxide nanoparticles obtained by chemical coprecipitation, coated (FeO@Au) and not coated (FeO) with gold, which were subjected to thermal annealing. To characterize the nanoparticles under study, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Mössbauer spectroscopy on Fe nuclei were used, the combination of which made it possible to establish a sequence of phase transformations, changes in morphological and structural characteristics, as well as parameters of hyperfine interactions. During the studies, it was found that thermal annealing of nanoparticles leads to phase transformation processes in the following sequence: nonstoichiometric magnetite (FeO) → maghemite (γ-FeO) → hematite (α-FeO), followed by structural ordering and coarsening of nanoparticles.

Study of the Effect of Two Phases in LiSiO-LiSiO Ceramics on the Strength and Thermophysical Parameters.

The paper studies the effect of LiSiO/LiSiO phase formation in lithium-containing ceramics on the strength and thermophysical characteristics of lithium-containing ceramics, which have great prospects for use as blanket materials for tritium propagation. During the phase composition analysis of the studied ceramics using the X-ray diffraction method, it was found that an increase in the lithium component during synthesis leads to the formation of an additional orthorhombic LiSiO phase, and the main phase in ceramics is the monoclinic LiSiO phase. An analysis of the morphological features of the synthesized ceramics showed that an increase in the LiSiO impurity phase leads to ceramic densification and the formation of impurity grains near grain boundaries and joints.

Study of the Reinforcement Effect in (0.5-x)TeO-0.2WO-0.1BiO-0.1MoO-0.1SiO-xCNDs Glasses Doped with Carbon Nanodiamonds.

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of carbon nanodiamonds on the reinforcement and hardening of telluride glasses, as well as to establish the dependence of the strengthening properties and optical characteristics of glasses on CND concentration. According to X-ray diffraction data, the synthesized glasses have an amorphous structure despite the addition of CNDs, and at high concentrations of CNDs, reflections characteristic of small crystalline particles of carbon nanodiamonds are observed. An analysis of the strength properties of glasses depending on the concentration of the CND dopant showed that an increase in the CND concentration to 0.

Study of Radiation Resistance of WO Microparticles under Irradiation with Heavy Kr and Xe Ions.

In this work, we consider the effect of irradiation with heavy Kr and Xe ions on the change in the structural and strength properties of WO microparticles, which are among the candidates for inert matrix materials. Irradiation with heavy Kr and Xe ions was chosen to determine the possibility of simulation of radiation damage comparable to the impact of fission fragments. During the studies, it was found that the main changes in the structural properties with an increase in the irradiation fluence are associated with the crystal lattice deformation and its anisotropic distortion, which is most pronounced during irradiation with heavy Kr ions.

Investigation of the Efficiency of Shielding Gamma and Electron Radiation Using Glasses Based on TeO-WO-BiO-MoO-SiO to Protect Electronic Circuits from the Negative Effects of Ionizing Radiation.

This article considers the effect of MoO and SiO additives in telluride glasses on the shielding characteristics and protection of electronic microcircuits operating under conditions of increased radiation background or cosmic radiation. MoO and SiO dopants were chosen because their properties, including their insulating characteristics, make it possible to avoid breakdown processes caused by radiation damage. The relevance of the study consists in the proposed method of using protective glasses to protect the most important components of electronic circuits from the negative effects of ionizing radiation, which can cause failures or lead to destabilization of the electronics.

Study of Structural and Strength Changes in Lithium-Containing Ceramics-Potential Blanket Materials for Nuclear Power, Subjected to High-Dose Proton Irradiation.

The paper considers the hydrogenation processes in LiTiO ceramics under irradiation with protons with an energy of 500 keV and fluences of 1 × 10-5 × 10 ion/cm. The choice of the type of irradiation, as well as the irradiation fluences, is based on the possibilities of modeling hydrogenation processes and studying the kinetics of structural changes caused by the accumulation of radiation damage. The choice of LiTiO ceramics as objects of research is due to their prospects for using as blanket materials of thermonuclear reactors for the tritium production and accumulation.

The Synthesis, Properties, and Stability of Lithium-Containing Nanostructured Nickel-Doped Ceramics.

Lithium-containing ceramics have several great potential uses for tritium production, as well as its accumulation. However, their use is limited due to their poor resistance to external influences, mechanical pressure, and temperature changes. In this work, initial nanostructured ceramic powders were obtained using the sol-gel method, by mixing TiO and LiClO·3HO with the subsequent addition of NiO nanoparticles to the reaction mixture; these powders were subsequently subjected to thermal annealing at a temperature of 1000 °C for 10 h.

Synthesis, Phase Transformations and Strength Properties of Nanostructured (1 - x)ZrO - xCeO Composite Ceramics.

The aim of this work is to study the properties of nanostructured (1 - x)ZrO - xCeO composite ceramics, depending on the content of oxide components, as well as to establish the relationship between the phase composition of ceramics and strength properties. The choice of (1- x)ZrO - xCeO composite ceramics as objects of study is due to the great prospects for using them as the basis for inert matrix materials for nuclear dispersed fuel, which can replace traditional uranium fuel in high-temperature nuclear reactors. Using X-ray diffraction, it was found that the variation of the oxide components leads to phase transformations of the Monoclinic-ZrO → Monoclinic - ZrCeO/Tetragonal - ZrO → Tetragonal - ZrCeO → Tetragonal - ZrCeO/CeZrO type.

Study of Degradation Mechanisms of Strength and Thermal-Physical Properties of Nitride and Carbide Ceramics-Promising Materials for Nuclear Energy.

The dependences of changes in the strength properties of nitride and carbide ceramics under high temperature irradiation with Kr and Xe heavy ions at irradiation doses of 10-10 ions/cm are presented in this work. The irradiation was chosen to simulate radiation damage processes that are closest to the real conditions of reactor tests in operating modes of increased temperatures. Polycrystalline ceramics based on AlN, SiN nitrides, and SiC carbides were chosen as objects of research, as they have great prospects for use as a basis for structural materials for high-temperature nuclear reactors, as well as materials for nuclear waste disposal.

Boron and Gadolinium Loaded FeO Nanocarriers for Potential Application in Neutron Capture Therapy.

In this article, a novel method of simultaneous carborane- and gadolinium-containing compounds as efficient agents for neutron capture therapy (NCT) delivery via magnetic nanocarriers is presented. The presence of both Gd and B increases the efficiency of NCT and using nanocarriers enhances selectivity. These factors make NCT not only efficient, but also safe.

The Study of the Applicability of Electron Irradiation for FeNi Microtubes Modification.

The paper presents the results of a study of irradiation of high-energy electrons by an array of FeNi nanostructures with doses from 50 to 500 kGy. Polycrystalline nanotubes based on FeNi, the phase composition of which is a mixture of two face-centered phases, FeNi and FeNi, were chosen as initial samples. During the study, the dependences of the phase transformations, as well as changes in the structural parameters as a result of electronic annealing of defects, were established.