is induced by YY1 during TMZ treatment and highly expressed in the aging brain.

Aging is a factor associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma (GBM). It is therefore important to understand the molecular features of aging contributing to GBM morbidity. is a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) over expressed in GBM tumors shown to promote resistance to the chemotherapeutic temozolomide (TMZ), and tumor aggressiveness.

TLR7/8 adjuvant overcomes newborn hyporesponsiveness to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine at birth.

Infection is the most common cause of mortality in early life, and immunization is the most promising biomedical intervention to reduce this burden. However, newborns fail to respond optimally to most vaccines. Adjuvantation is a key approach to enhancing vaccine immunogenicity, but responses of human newborn leukocytes to most candidate adjuvants, including most TLR agonists, are functionally distinct.

Superlattice structures in twisted bilayers of folded graphene.

The electronic properties of bilayer graphene strongly depend on relative orientation of the two atomic lattices. Whereas Bernal-stacked graphene is most commonly studied, a rotational mismatch between layers opens up a whole new field of rich physics, especially at small interlayer twist. Here we report on magnetotransport measurements on twisted graphene bilayers, prepared by folding of single layers.

Combination therapy targeting toll like receptors 7, 8 and 9 eliminates large established tumors.

Background: The TLR7/8 agonist 3M-052 and the TLR9 agonist CpG ODN both trigger innate immune responses that support the induction of tumor-specific immunity. Previous studies showed that these agonists used individually could improve the survival of mice challenged with small tumors but were of limited therapeutic benefit against large/advanced tumors.

Methods: Normal mice were challenged with syngeneic tumors.

Vaccine adjuvant activity of 3M-052: an imidazoquinoline designed for local activity without systemic cytokine induction.

The human Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of receptors, which sense the presence of various structural elements of pathogens and damaged or effete components in the host. As they do so, they activate two critical arms of host defense, the rapid innate immune response and an adaptive immune response. The innate immune response is typified by the generation of Th1 cytokines, chemokines and type 1 interferons.

Thymineless death is associated with loss of essential genetic information from the replication origin.

Thymine starvation results in a terminal cellular condition known as thymineless death (TLD), which is the basis of action for several common antibiotics and anticancer drugs. We characterized the onset and progression of TLD in Escherichia coli and found that DNA damage is the only salient property that distinguishes cells irreversibly senesced under thymine starvation from cells reversibly arrested by the nucleotide limitation. The damage is manifested as the relative loss of genetic material spreading outward from the replication origin: the extent of TLD correlates with the progression of damage.

Triiodo-L-thyronine rapidly stimulates alveolar fluid clearance in normal and hyperoxia-injured lungs.

Rationale: Edema fluid resorption is critical for gas exchange and requires active epithelial ion transport by Na, K-ATPase and other ion transport proteins.

Objectives: In this study, we sought to determine if alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) is stimulated by 3,3',5 triiodo-L-thyronine (T(3)).

Methods: AFC was measured in in situ ventilated lungs and ex vivo isolated lungs by instilling isosmolar 5% bovine serum albumin solution with fluorescein-labeled albumin tracer and measuring the change in fluorescein isothiocyanate-albumin concentration over time.

A sensitive method for determining the phosphorylation status of natriuretic peptide receptors: cGK-Ialpha does not regulate NPR-A.

Natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A) and natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B) are transmembrane guanylyl cyclases that catalyze the synthesis of cGMP in response to natriuretic peptides. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation regulate these receptors and have been traditionally studied by (32)PO(4) labeling of transfected cells. However, this approach cannot be used to determine the phosphorylation state of receptors isolated from unlabeled sources.

Differential regulation of NPR-B/GC-B by protein kinase c and calcium.

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) activation of the guanylyl cyclase-linked natriuretic peptide receptor-B (NPR-B) stimulates vasorelaxation and bone growth. Hormones and phorbol esters (PMA) inhibit NPR-B in calcium and protein kinase c-dependent manners, respectively. Here, we characterize the kinetic properties of NPR-B in membranes from cells exposed to PMA, the calcium ionophore, ionomycin, or sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P).