VE303, a Defined Bacterial Consortium, for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The effect of rationally defined nonpathogenic, nontoxigenic, commensal strains of Clostridia on prevention of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is unknown.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of VE303, a defined bacterial consortium of 8 strains of commensal Clostridia, in adults at high risk for CDI recurrence. The primary objective was to determine the recommended VE303 dosing for a phase 3 trial.

Colonization of the live biotherapeutic product VE303 and modulation of the microbiota and metabolites in healthy volunteers.

Manipulation of the gut microbiota via fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has shown clinical promise in diseases such as recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI). However, the variable nature of this approach makes it challenging to describe the relationship between fecal strain colonization, corresponding microbiota changes, and clinical efficacy. Live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) consisting of defined consortia of clonal bacterial isolates have been proposed as an alternative therapeutic class because of their promising preclinical results and safety profile.

A phase 1, open-label, dose-escalation trial of oral TSR-011 in patients with advanced solid tumours and lymphomas.

Background: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements are oncogenic drivers in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). TSR-011 is a dual ALK and tropomyosin-related kinase (TRK) inhibitor, active against ALK inhibitor resistant tumours in preclinical studies. Here, we report the safety, tolerability and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of TSR-011 in patients with relapsed or refractory ALK- and TRK-positive advanced cancers.

Single-Arm Phases 1 and 2 Trial of Niraparib in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Patients With Recurrent Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Carcinoma.

Importance: Patients with recurrent ovarian carcinoma frequently develop resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy, at which time treatment options become limited.

Objective: To evaluate the poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor niraparib combined with pembrolizumab in patients with recurrent ovarian carcinoma.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The TOPACIO/KEYNOTE-162 (Niraparib in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer or Ovarian Cancer) trial, an open-label, single-arm phases 1 and 2 study enrolled women with advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) or recurrent ovarian carcinoma, irrespective of BRCA mutation status.

Adjuvant brachytherapy for Stage IB Grade 2 endometrial carcinoma: Multivariate analysis of a single institution experience.

Objective: The aim was to investigate the value of postoperative brachytherapy for patients with Stage IB, Grade 2 endometrial carcinoma.

Patients And Methods: Forty-six patients with Stage IB, Grade 2 endometrial carcinoma, were treated with simple hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy in our institution. The mean age was 63 (range, 42-81).

Efficacy of cabazitaxel in mouse models of pediatric brain tumors.

Background: There is an unmet need in the treatment of pediatric brain tumors for chemotherapy that is efficacious, avoids damage to the developing brain, and crosses the blood-brain barrier. These experiments evaluated the efficacy of cabazitaxel in mouse models of pediatric brain tumors.

Methods: The antitumor activity of cabazitaxel and docetaxel were compared in flank and orthotopic xenograft models of patient-derived atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT), medulloblastoma, and central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumor (CNS-PNET).

Topoisomerase I as a target of erlotinib and gefitinib: efficacy of combined treatments with camptothecin.

Topoisomerases are essential nuclear enzymes that work to resolve topological problems that normally occur during DNA metabolism. Their involvement in crucial DNA associated-processes, such as replication, transcription and repair, mark them as a target of chemotherapeutic drugs such as camptothecins (CPTs). Therefore, finding other agents that may alter their activity is of great importance.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation at presentation of advanced gastric cancer.

Background: Disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with malignant bone marrow involvement has been described as a rare complication of gastric carcinoma and most patients die within 1-4 weeks. Effective chemotherapy of the underlying malignancy may be the only way to control acute DIC.

Objectives: To assess the benefit of infusional 5-fluorouracil as the primary treatment of metastatic gastric carcinoma and DIC at diagnosis.

Combined multimodal approach to the treatment of metastatic anal carcinoma: report of a case and review of the literature.

Background: We report on a patient with squamous cell anal carcinoma and liver metastases, who underwent multimodal treatment for cure, consisting of repeated partial hepatectomy in combination with chemoradiotherapy.

Patients And Methods: A 54-year-old woman presented with squamous cell anal carcinoma and liver metastases. She was treated with a combination of chemoradiotherapy for the primary tumor and then underwent surgery for liver metastases.

Diabetes insipidus caused by isolated intracranial metatstases in patient with breast cancer.

We present a case of late recurrence of breast cancer manifested with diabetes insipidus caused by isolated intracranial metastases. A 57-year-old postmenopausal woman was diagnosed with breast cancer and underwent radical mastectomy, without any adjuvant therapy. Seventeen years later, she presented with polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, weakness, diffuse bone pain, hoarseness and mild dyspnoea.

Debulking surgery for patients with diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been the principal modalities of treatment for diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL) for over 30 years. Various treatment regimens have been designed over the years to try to increase response and cure rates. The role of surgery has been generally restricted to defined and limited situations including diagnostic tissue biopsies and treating abdominal emergencies such as organ rupture or perforation.