Plasmalogens Improve Lymphatic Clearance of Amyloid Beta from Mouse Brain and Cognitive Functions.

Amyloid beta (Aβ) is a neuronal metabolic product that plays an important role in maintaining brain homeostasis. Normally, intensive brain Aβ formation is accompanied by its effective lymphatic removal. However, the excessive accumulation of brain Aβ is observed with age and during the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) leading to cognitive impairment and memory deficits.

Photodynamic opening of the blood-brain barrier affects meningeal lymphatics and the brain's drainage in healthy male mice.

Here, we present the new vascular effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). PDT with 5-ALA induces a leakage of both the meningeal and cerebral blood vessels. The extravasation of photo-excited 5-ALA from the leaky blood vessels into the meninges causes photo-damage of the meningeal lymphatics (MLVs) leading to a dramatic reducing the MLV network and brain's drainage.

Photobiomodulation under Electroencephalographic Controls of Sleep for Stimulation of Lymphatic Removal of Toxins from Mouse Brain.

The meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) play an important role in the removal of toxins from the brain. The development of innovative technologies for the stimulation of MLV functions is a promising direction in the progress of the treatment of various brain diseases associated with MLV abnormalities, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, brain tumors, traumatic brain injuries, and intracranial hemorrhages. Sleep is a natural state when the brain's drainage processes are most active.

AI-Powered Knowledge Base Enables Transparent Prediction of Nanozyme Multiple Catalytic Activity.

Nanozymes are unique materials with many valuable properties for applications in biomedicine, biosensing, environmental monitoring, and beyond. In this work, we developed a machine learning (ML) approach to search for new nanozymes and deployed a web platform, DiZyme, featuring a state-of-the-art database of nanozymes containing 1210 experimental samples, catalytic activity prediction, and DiZyme Assistant interface powered by a large language model (LLM). For the first time, we enable the prediction of multiple catalytic activities of nanozymes by training an ensemble learning algorithm achieving = 0.

Technology of the photobiostimulation of the brain's drainage system during sleep for improvement of learning and memory in male mice.

In this study on healthy male mice using confocal imaging of dye spreading in the brain and its further accumulation in the peripheral lymphatics, we demonstrate stronger effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on the brain's drainage system in sleeping vs. awake animals. Using the Pavlovian instrumental transfer probe and the 2-objects-location test, we found that the 10-day course of PBM during sleep vs.

Machine Learning Technology for EEG-Forecast of the Blood-Brain Barrier Leakage and the Activation of the Brain's Drainage System during Isoflurane Anesthesia.

Anesthesia enables the painless performance of complex surgical procedures. However, the effects of anesthesia on the brain may not be limited only by its duration. Also, anesthetic agents may cause long-lasting changes in the brain.

Mechanisms of Photostimulation of Brain's Waste Disposal System: The Role of Singlet Oxygen.

There is strong evidence that augmentation of the brain's waste disposal system via stimulation of the meningeal lymphatics might be a promising therapeutic target for preventing neurological diseases. In our previous studies, we demonstrated activation of the brain's waste disposal system using transcranial photostimulation (PS) with a laser 1267 nm, which stimulates the direct generation of singlet oxygen in the brain tissues. Here we investigate the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.

Machine Learning Reinforced Genetic Algorithm for Massive Targeted Discovery of Selectively Cytotoxic Inorganic Nanoparticles.

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been employed as drug delivery systems (DDSs) for several decades, primarily as passive carriers, with limited selectivity. However, recent publications have shed light on the emerging phenomenon of NPs exhibiting selective cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines, attributable to distinct metabolic disparities between healthy and pathological cells. This study revisits the concept of NPs selective cytotoxicity, and for the first time proposes a high-throughput in silico screening approach to massive targeted discovery of selectively cytotoxic inorganic NPs.

Transcranial Photosensitizer-Free Laser Treatment of Glioblastoma in Rat Brain.

Over sixty years, laser technologies have undergone a technological revolution and become one of the main tools in biomedicine, particularly in neuroscience, neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumors. Glioblastoma is the most lethal form of brain cancer, with very limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. In this study on rats, we demonstrate that glioblastoma (GBM) growth can be suppressed by photosensitizer-free laser treatment (PS-free-LT) using a quantum-dot-based 1267 nm laser diode.

Quantifying the Efficacy of Magnetic Nanoparticles for MRI and Hyperthermia Applications via Machine Learning Methods.

Magnetic nanoparticles are a prospective class of materials for use in biomedicine as agents for magnetic resonance imagining (MRI) and hyperthermia treatment. However, synthesis of nanoparticles with high efficacy is resource-intensive experimental work. In turn, the use of machine learning (ML) methods is becoming useful in materials design and serves as a great approach to designing nanomagnets for biomedicine.

Regularized adversarial learning for normalization of multi-batch untargeted metabolomics data.

Motivation: Untargeted metabolomics by mass spectrometry is the method of choice for unbiased analysis of molecules in complex samples of biological, clinical or environmental relevance. The exceptional versatility and sensitivity of modern high-resolution instruments allows profiling of thousands of known and unknown molecules in parallel. Inter-batch differences constitute a common and unresolved problem in untargeted metabolomics, and hinder the analysis of multi-batch studies or the intercomparison of experiments.

Characterization of Anesthesia in Rats from EEG in Terms of Long-Range Correlations.

Long-range correlations are often used as diagnostic markers in physiological research. Due to the limitations of conventional techniques, their characterizations are typically carried out with alternative approaches, such as the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). In our previous works, we found EEG-related markers of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which limits the penetration of major drugs into the brain.

Extended Detrended Fluctuation Analysis of Coarse-Grained Time Series.

A coarse-graining procedure, which involves averaging time series in non-overlapping windows followed by processing of the obtained multiple data sets, is the initial step in the multiscale entropy computation method. In this paper, we discuss how this procedure can be applied with other methods of time series analysis. Based on extended detrended fluctuation analysis (EDFA), we compare signal processing results for data sets with and without coarse-graining.

A system suitability testing platform for untargeted, high-resolution mass spectrometry.

The broad coverage of untargeted metabolomics poses fundamental challenges for the harmonization of measurements along time, even if they originate from the very same instrument. Internal isotopic standards can hardly cover the chemical complexity of study samples. Therefore, they are insufficient for normalizing data as done for targeted metabolomics.

Lateral differences in Ki-67 in breast cancer.

Morphological features of right- and left-sided breast cancer (BC) have been rarely studied. Ki-67 is an independent predictive marker for a local relapse, and for overall and disease-free survival. In previous literature, lateral differences in Ki-67 in BC have not been reported.

[Study of visual perception under conditions of extreme light exposures].

Neurophysiological processes of transduction and analysis of information concerning brightness of photostimuli and peculiarities of functioning of visual system under exposure to extra-bright light effects or extreme contrasting of visual objects are studied poorly and present significant interest for unraveling actual mechanisms of visual perception under extreme conditions. Conducting analysis of visual system in maximal broad range both in terms of adequate perception and reflection of light stimulus intensity and adaptive mechanisms to extra-strong illumination regimes is as well very important. The to-date obtained data indicate that under the extreme light effects pathology of the peripheral portion of visual analysator can be induced.

Influence of motivational centers of the hypothalamus on the functioning of the visual area of cerebral cortex.

It has been demonstrated in chronic experiments on awake rabbits that a solitary stimulation of the middle hypothalamus, its ventromedial and lateral nuclei (VMN and LN), exerts a phasic effect on a formation of the primary response of the visual cortex evoked by a test light flash. In the initial period of their action, the hypothalamo-cortical responses (1-43 msec for the VMN and 1-10 msec for the LN) completely inhibit the formation of the response of the visual cortex to the light stimulus, while in the second period (43-130 msec for the VMN and 10-150 msec for the LN, respectively), selectively and highly significantly facilitate the formation of the positive phase of the primary response. In the process the negative component is suppressed, and more significantly and longer with stimulation of the VMN than of the LN (140 and 50 msec, respectively).

[The effect of the hypothalamic motivational centers on the function of the cortical visual area of the hemispheres].

Chronic experiments were carried out in waking rabbits. A single stimulation of the middle hypothalamus (the ventromedial, VMN, and the lateral, LN, nuclei) was shown to induce the phasic action on a formation of the primary response (PR) of the visual cortex (VC) to the testing light flash. At the first phase (1-43 ms for the VMN and 1-10 ms for the LN) the hypothalamic-cortical responses completely inhibited the formation of the VC response to the light stimulus.

Role of the posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus in mechanism of information transmission to the visual cortex.

It has been demonstrated in chronic experiments on wakeful rabbits that the posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus exerts tonic and phasic facilitatory influences on the formation of responses of the visual cortex elicited by a light flash. The tonic influences were expressed in an increase in the amplitude parameters of the responses of the visual cortex in conditions of the formation in the posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus of a focus of heightened excitability (anode polarization), and their perceptible diminution with potassium depression in this nucleus. The phasic influences were expressed in the formation in the visual cortex of thalamocortical responses elicited by pulse stimulation of the posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus, which displayed a close interaction with the responses of the cortex elicited by the light flash.

[The role of the posterior lateral thalamic nucleus in the rabbit in the mechanisms of information transmission in the visual cortex].

In chronic alert rabbits, both transient and sustained influence of the nucleus lateralis posterior upon visual cortical responses to the light flashes, were shown. The transient influences were revealed by an increase of the responses amplitude in the nucleus lateralis posterior and by a decrease of the amplitude during the K depression. The sustained influences took part in forming of thalamo-cortical responses in visual cortex.

Evoked electrical responses of nucleus lateralis posterior of the rabbit thalamus and their dependence upon the functional state of the cortex and reticular formation.

The electrical responses of the thalamic pulvinar (of its analogue, the nucleus lateralis posterior (nLP)) to light stimuli of various intensity were recorded in awake rabbits, and their interrelationships with the responses of the retina, superior colliculi, and visual cortex were analyzed. It is postulated that a major role in the afferent supply of the rabbit nLP belongs to the optic track and the superior colliculi. The presence was demonstrated of a highly organized analyzer of the reticular control of nLP function that is of a facilitatory character.

[Oscillatory evoked potentials in the rabbit visual system during experimental retinal pathology induced by administration of monoiodoacetic acid].

ERG and EP of the visual cortex (VC) and superior colliculus (SC) were investigated under experimental dystrophy of the retina induced by intravenous injection of monoiodoacetic acid in different doses. The relative resistance of the VC to the derangement of retinal function was established. It was manifested by less marked suppression of its EP as compared with ERG.

[Characteristics of the evoked electrical reactions of the nucleus lateralis posterior in the rabbit thalamus and their dependence on cortical and reticular formation function].

The electrical responses of n. lateralis posterior of the thalamus (nLP) to light stimuli of different intensity were recorded in alert rabbits, and their interrelationships with the reactions of retina, superior colliculi and visual cortex were analysed. The retina rather than superior colliculi appeared to play a major role in afferent supply of nLP in rabbit.