Dhoti cancer: a waistline skin cancer with review of literature.

Skin cancers account for less than 1 % of all malignancies in India. Squamous cell carcinomas occurring over the waistline due to tying of cotton cloth called dhoti in males and sarees in females are predominantly seen in traditional Indian population. On wearing of these clothes for years, there is a constant irritation which produces depigmentation, glazing of the skin, acanthosis, scar formation, and later on malignant transformation.

Association between environmental exposure to p, p'-DDE and lindane and semen quality.

Scientific concern exists about the toxic effect of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p, p'-DDE) and lindane on male infertility, and the mechanism underlying male reproductive toxicity of this pesticide remains unanswered. We investigated not only the possible association between the chlorinated pesticide levels and semen quality in nonoccupationally exposed men, but also the probable mode of action using mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). A study in 278 men (21-40 years old) who visited Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, KGMU, Lucknow, for semen analysis was conducted.

Endosulfan induced cell death in Sertoli-germ cells of male Wistar rat follows intrinsic mode of cell death.

Health of germ cells may affect production of quality gametes either due to endogenous or exogenous factors. Pesticides are among the exogenous factors that can enter the organisms through various routes of exposure and also can affect the reproductive system of an organism. Endosulfan is an organochlorine cyclodiene pesticide used widely for controlling agricultural pests.

Semen quality of environmentally exposed human population: the toxicological consequence.

Human data on the relationship of semen quality with pesticide and metals are mostly inconsistent. The purpose of the study is to confirm the toxicity of organochlorine pesticide β- and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), DDE and DDD, and metals lead or cadmium on sperm motility in epidemiological study among fertile and infertile men and to determine whether in vivo and in vitro results are in the same direction. Semen analysis and estimation of the toxicants were done in 60 fertile and 150 infertile men.

Environmental and experimental exposure of phthalate esters: the toxicological consequence on human sperm.

Rapid industrialization and urbanization release several chemicals such as phthalates into the environment and cause adverse effects on reproductive system, mainly endocrine disruption, testicular injury and decline in semen quality in humans. There are no reports in extrapolating of the epidemiological data with in vitro findings. Our study show the correlations between in vivo studies and in vitro data for the effect of phthalate esters.

Effects of co-exposure of benzene, toluene and xylene to Drosophila melanogaster: alteration in hsp70, hsp60, hsp83, hsp26, ROS generation and oxidative stress markers.

Benzene, toluene and xylene are monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, used both as individual compound and as mixtures, in industry as well as household. Previous studies involving exposures to these compounds, individually, have shown that benzene was more toxic compared to toluene or xylene. Here, we tested a working hypothesis that toluene and/or xylene in a mixture containing benzene affect benzene induced toxicity in a non-target organism, Drosophila melanogaster.

Hazardous effect of tannery solid waste leachates on development and reproduction in Drosophila melanogaster: 70kDa heat shock protein as a marker of cellular damage.

Rapid industrialization has increased the burden of chemicals in the environment. These chemicals may be harmful to development and reproduction of any organism. We therefore analyzed the adverse effects of leachates from a tannery solid waste on development and reproduction using Drosophila.

Effect of argemone oil and argemone alkaloid, sanguinarine on Sertoli-germ cell coculture.

Several incidences of reduction in the fertility (sperm count) have been reported in India and worldwide as well. Adulteration of food and consumption of adulterated mustard oil with argemone oil (AO) are presumed to be the factors for reduction in sperm count. In the present study we have studied the exfoliation of germ cells from Sertoli cell, its viability after detachment, cytotoxicity and execution of apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway for different concentration of AO, argemone alkaloid (AA) and its major constituent sanguinarine (SA).

Biomonitoring of metal deposition by using moss transplant method through Hypnum cupressiforme (Hedw.) in Mussoorie.

Metals Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were surveyed at 14 sampling sites by using moss Hypnum cupressiforme through active monitoring technique. Samples were transplanted in all four directions of Mussoorie city and were harvested after exposure of four months (representing each season) to analyze metal precipitation and its trend at different sites during 2005. Bioaccumulation ability for metals was evaluated seasonally exhibiting maximum in summer followed by winter and minimum in rainy season.

Induction of hsp70, hsp60, hsp83 and hsp26 and oxidative stress markers in benzene, toluene and xylene exposed Drosophila melanogaster: role of ROS generation.

Exposure to benzene, toluene and xylene in the human population may pose a health risk. We tested a working hypothesis that these test chemicals cause cellular toxicity to a non-target organism, Drosophila melanogaster. Third instar larvae of D.

Correlation of phthalate exposures with semen quality.

Phthalates are widely used man-made chemical released in the environment and human exposure is mainly through diet. As the phthalate plasticizers are not covalently bound to PVC, they can leach, migrate or evaporate into the environment and as a result have become ubiquitously contaminants. The present study investigates the correlation, if any, between the phthalate esters (DEP, DEHP, DBP, DMP, DOP) and sperm mitochondrial status, ROS, LPO, SCSA, and sperm quality.

DNA damage induced by industrial solid waste leachates in Drosophila melanogaster: a mechanistic approach.

Genomic stability requires that error-free genetic information be transmitted from generation to generation, a process that is dependent upon efficient DNA repair. Industrial leachates which contain mixtures of diverse chemicals are a major environmental concern. The interaction between these chemicals may have synergistic, antagonistic, or simply additive effects on biological systems.

Adverse effect of tannery waste leachates in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster: role of ROS in modulation of Hsp70, oxidative stress and apoptosis.

Leachate is a complex chemical mixture of chemicals produced as a result of leaching of solid wastes. The potential toxicity of leachates is a major environmental health concern. The present study evaluated the role of ROS in tannery leachates induced Hsp70 expression, antioxidant enzymes and apoptosis in Drosophila.

Induction of biochemical stress markers and apoptosis in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster against complex chemical mixtures: role of reactive oxygen species.

The study was aimed to investigate the effect of leachates of solid waste from a flashlight battery factory and a pigment plant on 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) expression, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzymes activities and apoptosis in Drosophila. Third instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster transgenic for hsp70 (hsp70-lacZ) were fed on diet mixed with leachates of solid wastes (0.05-2.

Induction of hsp70, alterations in oxidative stress markers and apoptosis against dichlorvos exposure in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster: modulation by reactive oxygen species.

We examined a hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by organophosphate compound dichlorvos modulates Hsp70 expression and anti-oxidant defense enzymes and acts as a signaling molecule for apoptosis in the exposed organism. Dichlorvos (0.015-15.

Adverse effect of organophosphate compounds, dichlorvos and chlorpyrifos in the reproductive tissues of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster: 70kDa heat shock protein as a marker of cellular damage.

The study highlights the adverse effects of organophosphate compounds dichlorvos and chlorpyrifos on reproduction in Drosophila. Freshly eclosed first instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster transgenic for hsp70 (hsp70-lacZ) Bg(9) were fed on 0.015-150.

Chlorinated pesticide concentration in semen of fertile and infertile men and correlation with sperm quality.

In recent years controversy has evolved regarding the role of environmental pollutants especially chlorinated pesticides and heavy metals on male infertility. Previous data generated on the correlation of chlorinated pesticides with human semen are scarce and controversial. The objective is to explore the possibility of correlation if any between the chlorinated pesticides and sperm count and motility.

Toxic potential of municipal solid waste leachates in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ): hsp70 as a marker of cellular damage.

Municipal solid wastes (MSWs) are one of the major sources of environmental pollution. Leachates from these wastes might contaminate the water sources and affect quality of environment. The study was carried out to determine the possible toxic effects of leachates from MSW in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ).

The involvement of immunoglobulin superfamily proteins in spermatogenesis and sperm-egg interaction.

The immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) proteins are expressed on the plasma membrane between Sertoli cells and germ cells in the testis. IgSF proteins are specifically present at the apical Sertoli-germ cell junction, that is, ectoplasmic specialization and are involved in germ cell differentiation. Some IgSF proteins are present on the surface of germ cells and undergo further biochemical modifications during sperm maturation.

Synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin induced cellular damage in reproductive tissues of Drosophila melanogaster: Hsp70 as a marker of cellular damage.

We tested a working hypothesis of whether the synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin, used worldwide for insecticidal purpose, causes adverse effects on reproduction in Drosophila melanogaster. Freshly eclosed first instar larvae of a transgenic strain of Drosophila melanogaster, Bg9, transgenic for hsp70 (hsp70-lacZ), were transferred to different dietary concentrations of the test chemical (0.002, 0.

Comparative toxic potential of market formulation of two organophosphate pesticides in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ).

This study investigated the working hypothesis that two widely used organophosphate pesticides; Nuvan and Dimecron, exert toxic effects in Drosophila. Transgenic D. melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ) was used as a model for assaying stress gene expression and AchE activity as an endpoint for toxicity and also to evaluate whether stress gene expression is sufficient to protect against toxic insult of the chemicals and to prevent tissue damage.

Genotoxicity of industrial solid waste leachates in Drosophila melanogaster.

The potential toxicity of industrial solid wastes is a major environmental concern. The present study evaluated the genotoxicity of industrial waste leachates on the gut cells of Drosophila melanogaster (Oregon R+), using a modified alkaline comet assay. Leachates were prepared from control soil and solid wastes generated by a flashlight battery factory, a pigment plant, and a tannery, using different pHs (7.