The Release of 24 h Infravesical Obstruction in Mice: Changes in Molecular, Morphological, and Functional Parameters for 14-Day Observation.

Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) induces bladder dysfunction and altered bladder architecture. Irrespective of the release of the obstruction, persistent bladder dysfunction severely affects the quality of life. A better understanding of the repair process offers an opportunity to enhance postintervention management.

A conversation on how animal experimental studies allies with translational medicine.

Basis science research in pediatric urology studies physiological questions in animal models to provide new data on how to treat patients. We sat down with Jens-Christian Djurhuus to discuss both practical and philosophical questions on how to best perform basic science research. Initial questions such as "What type of questions are best studied in animal models?" and "Which animal model should I use?" help us answer the basic question of "What is a good research topic?".

Gender-dependent bladder response to one-day bladder outlet obstruction.

Background: Development of bladder fibrosis, loss of compliance, and voiding dysfunction are among the severe consequences of various lower urinary conditions, for example, bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), neurogenic bladder, and radiotherapy to the pelvic area. The bladder remodelling results in significant changes in bladder function and architecture, and may ultimately be deleterious for kidney function. The molecular signals underlying pathologic bladder remodelling, as well as the impact of gender, remain poorly understood.

[Introduction on how to write a scientific abstract].

In this review, a guide on how to write a scientific abstract is given. When junior researchers submit an abstract for a conference or a manuscript for a journal, a well-written abstract is the key to acceptance and publication. Being able to catch the interest of the reader, while keeping the length to a minimum, is an art, which can be learned by practice.

Evaluation of Hospital-Based Hematuria Diagnosis and Subsequent Cancer Risk Among Adults in Denmark.

Importance: Data on the long-term risk of urologic and nonurologic cancer after hematuria diagnosis are sparse. Such data can improve understanding of hematuria and cancer and can provide insight into the clinical course of patients with hematuria.

Objective: To assess the risk of urologic or nonurologic cancer after a hospital-based diagnosis of hematuria.

ICS educational module: Cystometry in children.

Aims: To introduce the standard procedure of cystometry and interpretation of the results in children.

Methods: The literature on cystometry in children in PubMed for the last 20 years was reviewed. The updated knowledge regarding indication, preparation, technique, and interpretation of cystometry in children were summarized.

How can we develop a more clinically useful and robust algorithm for diagnosing and treating nocturia? ICI-RS 2017.

Aims: Nocturia, or waking up at night to void, is a highly prevalent and bothersome symptom. Currently, there is a lack of clear and consistent recommendations regarding evaluation and management of nocturia. The aim of this report is to discuss how to fill the gaps in our knowledge in order to develop a practical patient-oriented diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for nocturia.

What is the utility of urodynamics, including ambulatory, and 24 h monitoring, in predicting upper urinary tract damage in neuro-urological patients and other lower urinary tract dysfunction? ICI-RS 2017.

Aims: This article focuses on how, and if, urodynamics can help to identify which kidneys are in danger of deteriorating in function and also gives recommendations for future research.

Methods: At the International Consultation on Incontinence-Research Society (ICI-RS) in 2017, a multi-disciplinary group presented a literature search of what is known about the utility of Urodynamics, including ambulatory, and 24 h monitoring, in predicting upper urinary tract damage in neuro-urological patients and other lower urinary tract dysfunctions. Wider discussions regarding knowledge gaps, and ideas for future research ensued and are presented in this paper along with a review of the evidence.

ICS educational module: Pressure flow study in children.

Aims: To introduce the standard procedure and results interpretation of pressure/flow study (PFS) in children.

Methods: The literature on PFS in children in PubMed for the last 20 years was reviewed. The updated knowledge on PFS in children in children regarding indication, preparation, technique, and interpretation were summarized.

Pyelonephritis in persons after age 50 as a clinical marker of urogenital cancer.

Objectives: Urinary tract infections have been linked with urinary tract cancer, but the association remains controversial. We examined whether pyelonephritis is a clinical marker of urogenital cancer.

Methods: We used Danish medical databases to create a population-based cohort of patients with an incident hospital-based pyelonephritis diagnosis during 1994-2013.

Aquaporin expression in the fetal porcine urinary tract changes during gestation.

The expression of aquaporins (AQPs) in the fetal porcine urinary tract and its relation to gestational age has not been established. Tissue samples from the renal pelvis, ureter, bladder and urethra were obtained from porcine fetuses. Samples were examined by RT-PCR (AQPs 1-11), QPCR (AQPs positive on RT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry.

Oral Contraceptives and Renal Water Handling: A diurnal study in young women.

To test the hypothesis that use of oral contraceptives (OC) changes diurnal variation in fluid balance mechanisms including blood pressure, secretion of vasopressin and oxytocin, and renal water and electrolyte excretion. Fifteen naturally cycling (NC) women in mid-follicular phase and 11 long-term OC users were included in a 24-h standardized inpatient study for measurements of vasopressin, oxytocin, sodium, and osmolality in plasma as well as urinary excretion of electrolytes, aquaporin-2, and prostaglandin E2. Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored noninvasively.

Can bladder fibrosis in congenital urinary tract obstruction be reversed?

A variety of conditions exists in adults and children in which functional or anatomical urinary tract obstructions cause bladder fibrosis, which reduces the bladder's ability to store and empty urine. Current surgical procedures include removal of the obstructions to facilitate bladder emptying or prompt prenatal or postnatal spinal closure to prevent further neurogenic damage. Bladder fibrosis may occur, and it can get worse if a flow hindrance persists or deteriorates.

Long-term urodynamic findings following radical prostatectomy and salvage radiotherapy.

Objective: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common following radical prostatectomy (RP) or intended curative radiotherapy in prostate cancer patients. One-quarter of those treated with RP experience biochemical failure and are subsequently offered salvage radiotherapy (SRT) to the prostatic bed. The aim of this study was to elucidate long-term LUTS after surgery and SRT.

Is testosterone important in LUT function in men and women? ICI-RS 2015.

Aim: This review article is a collaborative report based upon the Authors' presentations and Group discussion on the role of testosterone (T) in the male and female lower urinary tract (LUT) which took place at the 6th International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society's (ICI-RS) annual meeting, in Bristol, UK (September 8-10, 2015).

Methods: It comprises overviews and opinions on both the current state of knowledge of the role of T in LUT function and dysfunction in both sexes.

Results: Results from animal studies suggest that T treatment may be beneficial for disorders of the LUT in women including urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse.

Male bladder outlet obstruction: Time to re-evaluate the definition and reconsider our diagnostic pathway? ICI-RS 2015.

The diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in the male is dependent on measurements of pressure and flow made during urodynamic studies. The procedure of urodynamics and the indices used to delineate BOO are well standardized largely as a result of the work of the International Continence Society. The clinical utility of the diagnosis of BOO is however, less well defined and there are several shortcomings and gaps in the currently available medical literature.

Adolescents with nocturnal enuresis and daytime urinary incontinence-How can pediatric and adult care be improved-ICI-RS 2015?

Aims: Nocturnal enuresis (NE) and daytime urinary incontinence (DUI) are common in adolescents. The aim of this paper was to review studies on prevalence, clinical symptoms and associated risk factors and to formulate recommendations for assessment and treatment.

Materials And Methods: A systematic Scopus search was performed and relevant publications were selected.