Real-time application and modelling of the NO-sorption reaction on a particulate calcium carbonate surface-flow filter exposed to combustion exhaust.

Of major interest, especially in city environments, and increasingly inside vehicles or industrial plants, is the drive to reduce human exposure to nitrogen oxides (NO). This trend has drawn increasing attention to filtration, which has developed remarkably owing to the capabilities of recently developed mathematical models and novel filter concepts. This paper reports on the study of the kinetic modelling of adsorption of nitrogen dioxide (NO), collected from the tailpipe of a diesel engine, reacting to calcium nitrate salt (Ca(NO)) on a surface flow filter consisting of a coating of fine ground limestone or marble (CaCO) in combination with micro-nanofibrillated cellulose (MNFC) acting as binder and humectant applied onto a multiply recycled newsprint substrate.

Enhanced antimicrobial properties and bioactivity of 3D-printed titanium scaffolds by multilayer bioceramic coating for large bone defects.

The restoration of large bone defects caused by trauma, tumor resection, or infection is a major clinical problem in orthopedics and dentistry because postoperative infections, corrosion, and limited osteointegration of metal implants can lead to loosening of the implant. The aim of this study was to improve the surface properties of a 3D-printed (electron beam melting) Ti6Al4V-based macroporous scaffold by multilayer coating with bioactive silicate glasses (BAGs) and hydroxyapatite doped with a silver (AgHAP) or AgHAP additionally sonochemically modified with ZnO (ZnO-AgHAP). The coated scaffolds AgHAP_BAGs_Ti and ZnO-AgHAP_BAGs_Ti enhanced cytocompatibility in L929 and MRC5 cell lines and expressed bioactivity in simulated body fluid.

Micro Nanofibrillated Cellulose as Functional Additive Supporting Processability of Surface-Active Mineral Suspensions: Exemplified by Pixel Coating of an NO-Sorbent Layer.

Unlike established coating formulations, functional particulate coatings often demand the omission of polymer dispersant so as to retain surface functionality. This results in heterogeneous complex rheology. We take an example from a novel development for an NO mitigation surface flow filter system, in which ground calcium carbonate (GCC), applied in a coating, reacts with NO releasing CO.

Modification of CaCO and CaCO pin-coated cellulose paper under supercritical carbon dioxide-ethanol mixture for enhanced NO capture.

In this work, we examine two modifications of fine-ground calcium carbonate material (GCC) in order to enhanced sorption of NO and subsequent reaction properties toward NO/NO formation by firstly exposing the GCC to supercritical (sc) CO in order to increase particle surface area, a choice specifically made to avoid altering the surface chemistry, and secondly considering the potential advantage of using a surface coupling agent toward NO. The modification by the coupling agent amino silane (AMEO silane) was applied in a supercritical CO-ethanol mixture. The samples were characterised before and after modification by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), specific surface area determination (BET nitrogen adsorption), ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and ion chromatography to reveal the effects of the surface modification(s) on the morphology, surface textural properties and sorption versus reaction properties with NO.

Novel composite scaffolds based on alginate and Mg-doped calcium phosphate fillers: Enhanced hydroxyapatite formation under biomimetic conditions.

In the present study, we synthesized hydroxyapatite (HAP) powders followed by the production of alginate based macroporous scaffolds with the aim to imitate the natural bone structure. HAP powders were synthesized by using a hydrothermal method, and after calcination, dominant phases in the powders, undoped and doped with Mg were HAP and β-tricalcium phosphate, respectively. Upon mixing with Na-alginate, followed by gelation and freeze-dying, highly macroporous composite scaffolds were obtained with open and connected pores and uniformly dispersed mineral phase as determined by scanning electron microscopy.

Highly Active Rutile TiO Nanocrystalline Photocatalysts.

The controllable synthesis of rutile TiO single crystal particles with the preferential orientation of {111} facets still remains a scientific and technological challenge. Here, we developed a facile route for fabrication of rutile TiO nanorod crystals (RTiONRs) having high ratios of oxidative {111} to reductive {110} surfaces. RTiONRs were synthesized using a peroxo-titanium complex (PTC) approach, which was controlled by changing the Ti/HO ratio.

Dissimilar sintered calcium phosphate dental inserts as dentine substitutes: Shear bond strength to restorative materials.

The application of sintered calcium phosphate dental inserts in the central part of tooth cavities can reduce amount of embedded dental composite and polymerization shrinkage of final dental fillings. The aim of this study was to analyze comparatively physico-chemical and mechanical properties of dental inserts and shear bond strength (SBS) between three dissimilar hydroxyapatite-based dental inserts and different restorative materials, after application of different clinical protocols. Starting from two different hydroxyapatite nano powders and nanostructured stabilized zirconia (YSZ), monophasic two-step sintered dense HAp inserts (TSSHAp), biphasic single-step sintered controlled porous inserts (HAp/TCp), and single-step sintered reinforced HAp/YSZ inserts were processed and characterized.

Enhanced absorption of TiO nanotubes by N-doping and CdS quantum dots sensitization: insight into the structure.

Anodization of titanium film sputtered on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass was performed to obtain highly ordered ∼2 μm long and ∼60 nm wide TiO nanotubes. The titania films were annealed in ammonia atmosphere to enable the doping with N. The annealing did not affect the nanotubular morphology and the porosity remained open which is a very important requirement for further deposition of CdS quantum dots.

In vitro cell response to Co-containing 1,393 bioactive glass.

Cobalt ions are known to stimulate angiogenesis via inducing hypoxic conditions and hence are interesting agents to be used in conjunction with bioactive glasses (BGs) in bone tissue engineering approaches. In this work we investigated in vitro cell biocompatibility of Co releasing 1393 BG composition (in wt.%: 53SiO2, 6Na2O, 12K2O, 5MgO, 20CaO, and 4P2O5) derived scaffolds with osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (hDMECs).

Efficiency of sepiolite in broilers diet as uranium adsorbent.

The use of phosphate mineral products in animal nutrition, as a major source of phosphor and calcium, can lead to uranium entering the food chain. The aim of the present study was to determine the protective effect of natural sepiolite and sepiolite treated with acid for broilers after oral intake of uranium. The broilers were contaminated for 7 days with 25 mg/uranyl nitrate per day.

Bond strength of restorative materials to hydroxyapatite inserts and dimensional changes of insert-containing restorations during polymerization.

Objective: To determine the shear bond strength (SBS) between synthetic controlled porous hydroxyapatite (HAP) inserts and restorative materials and dimensional changes of insert-containing restorations during curing.

Methods: Cylinder-shaped HAP inserts (4mm in diameter, 1.6mm thick) were cemented in dentin discs (5mm×1.

Cobalt-releasing 1393 bioactive glass-derived scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.

Loading biomaterials with angiogenic therapeutics has emerged as a promising approach for developing superior biomaterials for engineering bone constructs. In this context, cobalt-releasing materials are of interest as Co is a known angiogenic agent. In this study, we report on cobalt-releasing three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds based on a silicate bioactive glass.

Corrosion stability and bioactivity in simulated body fluid of silver/hydroxyapatite and silver/hydroxyapatite/lignin coatings on titanium obtained by electrophoretic deposition.

Hydroxyapatite is the most suitable biocompatible material for bone implant coatings. However, its brittleness is a major obstacle, and that is why, recently, research focused on creating composites with various biopolymers. In this study, hydroxyapatite coatings were modified with lignin in order to attain corrosion stability and surface porosity that enables osteogenesis.

The effect of grain size on the biocompatibility, cell-materials interface, and mechanical properties of microwave-sintered bioceramics.

The effect of decreasing the grain size on the biocompatibility, cell-material interface, and mechanical properties of microwave-sintered monophase hydroxyapatite bioceramics was investigated in this study. A nanosized stoichiometric hydroxyapatite powder was isostatically pressed at high pressure and sintered in a microwave furnace in order to obtain fine grained dense bioceramics. The samples sintered at 1200°C, with a density near the theoretical one, were composed of micron-sized grains, while the grain size decreased to 130 nm on decreasing the sintering temperature to 900°C.

The irritative property of alpha-tricalcium phosphate to the rabbit skin.

The aim of this study was to assess the irritant properties of a new developed calcium phosphate ceramic, alpha-tricalcium phosphate (alpha-TCP) after single application to intact skin of the rabbit. The test substance, alpha-TCP was produced by modified hydrothermal method and prepared in two different forms, as a solid material (disc 5 x 2 mm) and paste. Both, solid material and paste of alpha-TCP were evaluated for primary skin irritation to the ISO 10993-10:2002/Amd 1:2006 Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices - Part 10.