The paraneurium and the tumefactive appearance of peripheral nerve neurolymphomatosis: illustrative case.

Background: Peripheral neurolymphomatosis (NL) is an often-misdiagnosed condition characterized by lymphomatous infiltration within the peripheral nerves. Its rarity and complexity frequently result in delayed diagnosis and suboptimal patient outcomes. This study aims to elucidate the role of the paraneurium (circumneurium) in NL, emphasizing its diagnostic and therapeutic significance.

Malignant rhabdoid tumor: Cyto-histologic correlation and immunohistochemical characterization of a rare pediatric malignancy and its differential diagnoses.

Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (MRTK) is a rare aggressive pediatric renal tumor which can be diagnosed via fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology and core biopsy. The diagnosis of MRTK is challenging, and requires morphologic, immunohistochemical and clinical correlation to distinguish it from other entities. The differential diagnosis includes Wilms tumor, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, renal medullary carcinoma, and epithelioid sarcoma.

Mandibular Defect Reconstitution: A Contaminated Caprine Model of Bone Regeneration.

Purpose: Mandibular reconstitution with bioabsorbable scaffolds seems feasible with the application of 3-dimensional printing combined with bioactive proteins. As yet, previous studies have been limited in number of animals and have avoided a contaminated defect. We present a caprine model of mandibular defect bone regeneration with a 3-dimensionally printed bioabsorbable scaffold contaminated with oral secretions and explore the impact of bone morphogenic protein in mandibular bone reconstitution.

Assessment of individual and standardized glucagon kinetics in healthy humans.

Impaired glucose tolerance arises out of impaired postprandial insulin secretion and delayed suppression of glucagon. These defects occur early and independently in the pathogenesis of prediabetes. Quantification of the contribution of α-cell dysfunction to glucose tolerance has been lacking because knowledge of glucagon kinetics in humans is limited.

Increased ERBB2 Gene Copy Numbers Reveal a Subset of Salivary Duct Carcinomas with High Densities of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes and PD-L1 Expression.

Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) commonly expresses androgen receptor (AR) and HER2, giving rise to treatment implications. SDC may also express programmed-death-ligand-1 (PD-L1), a predictive marker of response to checkpoint inhibitors. PD-L1 can be associated with genomic instability and high density of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).

First Line Androgen Deprivation Therapy vs. Chemotherapy for Patients With Androgen Receptor Positive Recurrent or Metastatic Salivary Gland Carcinoma-A Retrospective Study.

There is a lack of effective therapy for recurrent or metastatic salivary gland carcinoma. Androgen deprivation therapy has demonstrated efficacy in cases of salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) and high-grade adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS) that express androgen receptor. We conducted a single institution retrospective cohort study examining patients treated for recurrent/metastatic SDC or high-grade adenocarcinoma NOS of the salivary gland.

Fusion gene profile of biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma: an analysis of 44 cases.

Aims: Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma (SNS) is a locally aggressive tumour that occurs in the sinonasal region. PAX3-MAML3 has recently been identified as a recurrent fusion gene event in this entity; however, a subset of tumours harbour alternative PAX3 rearrangement without the involvement of MAML3. In this study we sought to characterize the molecular profile of a large series of cases, with a special emphasis on tumours with alternative fusions.

Intramuscular dirofilariasis mimicking an orbital metastasis in a patient with breast cancer.

We present the unusual case of a 74 year-old female with a history of breast cancer who presented with acute painless orbital swelling and vertical diplopia. MRI revealed a focal enhancing mass within the superior rectus muscle. As the concern for metastatic disease was high, surgical biopsy was performed and revealed an unusual mimicker of metastatic disease, the parasitic infection dirofilariasis.

Prognostic features, human papillomavirus status, and epidermal growth factor receptor expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma in young adults.

Purpose: There is still debate in literature about the survival outcomes of patients who have cancer of the oral cavity when young. Hence the aims were (1) to estimate disease-free survival, overall survival, and cause-specific survival in patients who developed oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma between 18 and 40 years of age and (2) to assess the clinicopathologic factors including detection of human papillomavirus and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression in primary lesions affecting recurrence.

Methods: This is a retrospective case-note review and reevaluation of histopathologic slides of patients treated more than 25 years.

Detection of human papilloma virus and p16 expression in high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, particularly basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, may be difficult to distinguish from high-grade adenoid cystic carcinoma. Evidence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, particularly HPV 16, is frequently found in non-keratinizing oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Immunoreactivity for p16, a surrogate marker for HPV infection, often parallels the HPV infection status in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.