Phylogenetic analysis of spring virema of carp virus reveals distinct subgroups with common origins for recent isolates in North America and the UK.

Genetic relationships between 35 spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) genogroup Ia isolates were determined based on the nucleotide sequences of the phosphoprotein (P) gene and glycoprotein (G) genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on P gene sequences revealed 2 distinct subgroups within SVCV genogroup Ia, designated SVCV Iai and Iaii, and suggests at least 2 independent introductions of the virus into the USA in 2002. Combined P- and G-sequence data support the emergence of SVCV in Illinois, USA, and in Lake Ontario, Canada, from the initial outbreak in Wisconsin, USA, and demonstrate a close genetic link to viruses isolated during routine import checks on fish brought into the UK from Asia.

Quantifying Loss Caused by Ray Blight Disease in Tasmanian Pyrethrum Fields.

The efficacy of newly implemented fungicide recommendations on reducing the intensity of ray blight disease caused by Phoma ligulicola to achieve site-specific attainable yield potentials in Tasmanian pyrethrum fields was quantified over two seasons in 46 and 51 fields during the 2003 and 2004 growing seasons, respectively. Disease intensity and yield in two plots (10 × 24 m), one following the commercial fungicide protocol recommendations and the second receiving no fungicide, were assessed in each pyrethrum field. The commercial fungicide protocol consisted of one application of azoxystrobin at 150 g a.

Equine idiopathic cheek teeth fractures: part 3: a hospital-based survey of 68 referred horses (1999-2005).

Reasons For Performing Study: There is limited information available on the more serious sequellae of idiopathic cheek teeth (CT) fractures.

Objectives: To obtain information on clinical and ancillary diagnostic findings in referred horses with idiopathic CT fractures.

Methods: Details of all horses suffering from idiopathic CT fractures referred to the Equine Hospital at the University of Edinburgh 1999-2005 were examined, and information concerning fracture patterns, clinical and ancillary diagnostic findings, treatments and long-term response to treatments were obtained and analysed.

Equine idiopathic cheek teeth fractures: part 2: a practice-based survey of 147 affected horses in Britain and Ireland.

Reasons For Performing Study: There is limited information on the prevalence of idiopathic cheek teeth (CT) fractures in the general equine population and on which CT are most commonly affected.

Objectives: To obtain information on the prevalence of fracture patterns and clinical details of idiopathic CT fractures.

Methods: Details of cases with idiopathic CT fractures encountered were obtained via a questionnaire sent to suitably experienced veterinary practitioners and equine dental technicians (EDTs).

Equine idiopathic cheek teeth fractures. Part 1: Pathological studies on 35 fractured cheek teeth.

Reasons For Performing Study: There is little published information on the pathology of idiopathic fractures of cheek teeth (CT).

Objectives: To perform pathological examinations on equine CT with idiopathic fractures in order to establish fracture patterns and to gain information on their aetiopathogenesis.

Hypothesis: Gross and histological examination of CT with idiopathic fractures, including measurements of dentinal thickness, will provide information on fracture patterns, and on the duration and aetiopathogenesis of these fractures.

Inhibition of prostaglandin E(2) production by anti-inflammatory hypericum perforatum extracts and constituents in RAW264.7 Mouse Macrophage Cells.

Hypericum perforatum (Hp) is commonly known for its antiviral, antidepressant, and cytotoxic properties, but traditionally Hp was also used to treat inflammation. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity of different Hp extractions and accessions and constituents present within Hp extracts were characterized. In contrast to the antiviral activity of Hp, the anti-inflammatory activity observed with all Hp extracts was light-independent.

Functional variants of the central bile acid sensor FXR identified in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.

Background And Aims: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is characterized by liver impairment, pruritus, and elevated maternal serum bile acids. It can cause premature delivery and intrauterine death. Bile acid synthesis, metabolism, and transport are regulated by the bile acid sensor FXR, and we hypothesized that genetic variation in FXR confers susceptibility to ICP.

Effects of a preincisional 14-day course of valerian on natural killer cell activity in Sprague-Dawley male rats undergoing abdominal surgery.

Introduction: The American Cancer Society estimated that more than 1 million new cancer cases were diagnosed in 2005 and a majority of these patients died from metastatic spread. The standard for treating solid tumor cancer is surgical resection. However, it has been suggested that surgical resection may, in fact, promote metastasis.

Relay cropping cauliflower with lettuce as a means to manage first-generation cabbage maggot (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) and minimize cauliflower yield loss.

First-generation cabbage maggot, Delia radicum (L.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), can cause extensive damage to newly transplanted brassica crops. This study investigated the use of relay cropping, a form of intercropping that involves overlapping two crops in the same field for a short period, as a means to 1) reduce first-generation D.

Ventroaxial luxation of the apex of the corniculate process of the arytenoid cartilage in resting horses during induced swallowing or nasal occlusion.

Objective: To report ventroaxial luxation of the apex of the left or right corniculate process of the arytenoid cartilage under the contralateral corniculate process during resting endoscopic examination, and morphologic features of the larynx of 1 affected horse.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Animals: Horses (n=8).

Osteochondritis dissecans of the knee; long-term clinical outcome following arthroscopic debridement.

We reviewed 32 knees in 26 patients who had previously undergone arthroscopic debridement for symptomatic osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the knee. The patients were followed up at a minimum of 11 years following surgery and were evaluated clinically using the American Knee Society Clinical Rating Score. Additional evaluation was performed using the Hughston Scale to include radiographic assessment.

Ventriculocordectomy as the sole treatment for recurrent laryngeal neuropathy: long-term results from ninety-two horses.

Objective: To evaluate the effect ventriculocordectomy (VC) for treatment of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) on exercise performance and owner satisfaction in a mixed-breed population of horses.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Animals: Adult horses (n=92) with a history of abnormal respiratory noise and RLN.

Comparison of Models for Forecasting of Stewart's Disease of Corn in Iowa.

Three forecasting models for Stewart's disease (Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii) of corn (Zea mays) were examined for their ability to accurately predict the prevalence of Stewart's disease in Iowa at the county level. The Stevens Model, which is used as a predictor of the early wilt phase of Stewart's disease, the Stevens-Boewe Model, which predicts the late leaf blight phase of Stewart's disease, and the Iowa State Model that is used to predict the prevalence of Stewart's disease, all use mean air temperatures for December, January, and February for a preplant prediction of Stewart's disease risk in a subsequent season.

The use of an articulating spacer in the management of infected total knee arthroplasties.

Eleven infected total knee arthroplasties underwent revision using an articulating spacer comprising a total condylar component and meniscal polyethylene insert cemented in place using antibiotic-loaded cement. Only 1 case required subsequent rerevision for infection, 2 were revised for pain, 6 remain in situ, and 2 patients have died with their spacers in situ. Average Knee Society clinical rating for the spacers left implanted is 167 at an average of 65 months.

Observations of residents' work activities for 24 consecutive hours: implications for workflow redesign.

Purpose: To examine resident workflow as part of an institutional approach to redesigning the processes of health care delivery.

Method: In 2003 the authors observed the workflows for 24 hours of seven residents who were at various levels of training (two each from the internal medicine, pediatrics, and obstetrics and gynecology programs, and one from general surgery) at Denver Health Medical Center, an urban, public teaching hospital.

Results: Although the residents spent varying proportions of their time in various activities, all had extremely fragmented workflows as they engaged in from 5.

Reduction in hypericin-induced phototoxicity by Hypericum perforatum extracts and pure compounds.

Clinical evidence suggests that administration of Hypericum perforatum (Hp) extracts containing the photo-activated hypericin compounds may cause fewer skin photosensitization reactions than administration of pure hypericin. This study was conducted to determine whether the phototoxicity of hypericin in HaCaT keratinocytes could be attenuated by H. perforatum extracts and constituents.

First national audit of the outcomes of care in young people with diabetes in New Zealand: high prevalence of nephropathy in Maori and Pacific Islanders.

Background: Diabetes is an important cause of morbidity and mortality amongst young people. Despite improvements in technology, maintenance of good glycaemic control is hard to achieve.

Methods: In July 2003, 12 paediatric and adult hospital-based diabetes services across New Zealand were invited to take part in an audit of the process and outcomes of care.

Explaining socioeconomic status effects in laryngeal cancer.

Introduction: People with lower socioeconomic status (SES) experience shorter survival times after a cancer diagnosis for many disease sites. We determined whether area-level SES was associated with the outcomes: cause-specific survival and local-regional failure in laryngeal cancer in Ontario, Canada. When we found an association we sought explanations that might be related to access to care including age, sex, rural residence, tumor stage, lymph node status, use of diagnostic imaging, treatment type, percentage of prescribed radiotherapy delivered, number of radiotherapy interruption days, treatment waiting time, and treating cancer center.

DNA vaccination can protect Cyprinus Carpio against spring viraemia of carp virus.

Several DNA constructs containing the spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) glycoprotein (G) gene were investigated for their ability to induce protection against SVCV following injection into myofibres. The constructs were pooled into four groups and co-injected with a plasmid encoding murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Group 1 contained one full-length and two truncated G constructs under the control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter.

The PLISSIT Model: care and management of patients' psychosexual needs following radical surgery.

Patients who have undergone invasive medical procedures requiring radical body changes often experience feelings of worthlessness and particularly negative feelings about their sexuality. Their initial contact with the healthcare team is frequently a nurse who may be poorly equipped, too busy, or too embarrassed to help address the patients' sexual issues; therefore, vital information may be lost to the healthcare team. The PLISSIT Model offers nurses or case managers a concise framework for intervention to address patients' concerns at the earliest stages of their distress, and helps assure informed feedback to the healthcare team regarding the patients' sexual issues.

Cyclic stretch attenuates effects of hyperoxia on cell proliferation and viability in human alveolar epithelial cells.

The treatment of severe lung disease often requires the use of high concentrations of oxygen coupled with the need for assisted ventilation, potentially exposing the pulmonary epithelium to both reactive oxygen species and nonphysiological cyclic stretch. Whereas prolonged hyperoxia is known to cause increased cell injury, cyclic stretch may result in either cell proliferation or injury depending on the pattern and degree of exposure to mechanical deformation. How hyperoxia and cyclic stretch interact to affect the pulmonary epithelium in vitro has not been previously investigated.