Quality of Digital Health Interventions Across Different Health Care Domains: Secondary Data Analysis Study.

Background: There are more than 350,000 digital health interventions (DHIs) in the app stores. To ensure that they are effective and safe to use, they should be assessed for compliance with best practice standards.

Objective: The objective of this paper was to examine and compare the compliance of DHIs with best practice standards and adherence to user experience (UX), professional and clinical assurance (PCA), and data privacy (DP).

Iron-Deficiency Anemia in CKD: A Narrative Review for the Kidney Care Team.

Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with increased mortality and reduced health-related quality of life. Anemia is characterized by a decrease in hemoglobin, the iron-rich protein that the body uses for oxygen transport. Iron is required to produce hemoglobin, and disruptions in the iron homeostasis can lead to iron-deficiency anemia.

Prehospital Blood Administration in Pediatric Patients: A Case Report.

Prehospital blood administration programs have demonstrated success both on the battlefield and throughout civilian emergency medical services programs. While previous research often discusses the use of prehospital blood administration for adult trauma and medical patients, few studies have reported the benefits of prehospital blood administration for pediatric patients. This case report describes treatment received by a 7-year-old female gunshot victim who was successfully treated by a prehospital blood administration program in the southern United States.

The Effect of Prehospital Blood Transfusion on Patient Body Temperature from the Time of Emergency Medical Services Transfusion to Arrival at the Emergency Department.

Background: Transfusion of blood products is life-saving and time-sensitive in the setting of acute blood-loss anemia, and is increasingly common in the emergency medical services (EMS) setting. Prehospital blood products are generally "cold-stored" at 4°C, then warmed with a portable fluid-warming system for the purpose of preventing the "lethal triad" of hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy. This study aims to evaluate body temperature changes of EMS patients receiving packed red blood cells (PRBC) and/or fresh frozen plasma (FFP) when using the LifeWarmer Quantum Blood & Fluid Warming System (LifeWarmer, https://www.

System Usability Scale Benchmarking for Digital Health Apps: Meta-analysis.

Background: The System Usability Scale (SUS) is a widely used scale that has been used to quantify the usability of many software and hardware products. However, the SUS was not specifically designed to evaluate mobile apps, or in particular digital health apps (DHAs).

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine whether the widely used SUS distribution for benchmarking (mean 68, SD 12.

Incentive motivation improves numerosity discrimination in children and adolescents.

We recently showed that incentive motivation improves the precision of the Approximate Number System (ANS) in young adults. To shed light on the development of incentive motivation, the present study investigated whether this effect and its underlying mechanisms may also be observed in younger samples. Specifically, seven-year-old children (n = 23; 12 girls) and 14-year-old adolescents (n = 30; 15 girls) performed a dot comparison task with monetary reward incentives.

Publication guidelines and recommendations for pupillary measurement in psychophysiological studies.

A variety of psychological and physical phenomena elicit variations in the diameter of pupil of the eye. Changes in pupil size are mediated by the relative activation of the sphincter pupillae muscle (decrease pupil diameter) and the dilator pupillae muscle (increase pupil diameter), innervated by the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches, respectively, of the autonomic nervous system. The current guidelines are intended to inform and guide psychophysiological research involving pupil measurement by (1) summarizing important aspects concerning the physiology of the pupil, (2) providing methodological and data-analytic guidelines and recommendations, and (3) briefly reviewing psychological phenomena that modulate pupillary reactivity.

Functional Effects of Bilateral Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Modulation During Sequential Decision-Making: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study With Offline Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation.

The ability to learn sequential contingencies of actions for predicting future outcomes is indispensable for flexible behavior in many daily decision-making contexts. It remains open whether such ability may be enhanced by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). The present study combined tDCS with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate potential tDCS-induced effects on sequential decision-making and the neural mechanisms underlying such modulations.

Effects and mechanisms of information saliency in enhancing value-based decision-making in younger and older adults.

Aging attenuates frontostriatal network functioning, which could lead to deficits in value computation when decision-making involves uncertainty. Although it has been shown that visually enhancing information saliency of outcome probability can improve decision-making in old age, mechanisms of this effect are still unclear. In the present study, the saliency of outcome probability was increased using a color-coding scheme as a decision aid in a mixed lottery choice task, and spontaneous eye-blink rate and pupillary responses were assessed in younger and older adults.

Incentive motivation improves numerosity discrimination: Insights from pupillometry combined with drift-diffusion modelling.

Recent studies show that training the approximate number system (ANS) holds promise for improving symbolic math abilities. Extending this line of research, the present study aims to shed light on incentive motivation of numerosity discrimination and the underlying mechanisms. Thirty-two young adults performed a novel incentivized dot comparison task, that we developed, to discern the larger of two numerosities.

Recommended ESTRO Core Curriculum for Radiation Oncology/Radiotherapy 4th edition.

Introduction: In 2017 it was decided to revise the European Core Curriculum for Radiation Oncology/Radiotherapy to produce a 4th edition. The aims of the ESTRO curriculum are to develop comparable standards for training across Europe and to facilitate free movement of specialists across borders. It is also hoped that it will improve the level of training across Europe and will make the non-medical expert roles more explicit.

Effects of a Multi-Session Cognitive Training Combined With Brain Stimulation (TrainStim-Cog) on Age-Associated Cognitive Decline - Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Phase IIb (Monocenter) Trial.

Background: With increasing aging populations worldwide, developing interventions against age-associated cognitive decline is particularly important. Evidence suggests that combination of brain stimulation with cognitive training intervention may enhance training effects in terms of performance gain or transfer to untrained domains. This protocol describes a Phase IIb clinical trial that investigates the intervention effects of training combined with brain stimulation in older adults.

Synthesis and Application of KγT Peptide Nucleic Acids.

Displaying ligands in a succinct and predictable manner is essential for elucidating multivalent molecular-level binding events. Organizing ligands with high precision and accuracy provides a distinct advantage over other ligand-display systems, such as polymers, because the number and position of the ligand(s) can be accurately and fully characterized. Here we describe the synthesis of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs), which are oligonucleotide mimics with a pseudopeptide backbone that can hybridize to oligonucleotides through Watson-Crick base pair to form highly predictable and organized scaffold for organizing a ligand.

Space, time and memory: tales from a long road.

Points, lines and surfaces are the basic elements of Euclidean geometry. In this paper, accompanying a keynote at ICSC 2018, we will explore how, in physics, cognition and our lived experience, it is often better to think in terms of interconnected threads than an evolving state of the world now. In physics 'now' is an illusion, merely a convenient construction, each particle and person is more like an independent strand in space-time, and similarly, in our minds, strands of memories from different roles and contexts flow almost independently.

Repository corticotropin injection in multiple sclerosis: an update.

Relapse management is a crucial component of multiple sclerosis care. Acute relapses are defined as new neurological symptoms or worsening of existing symptoms persisting for >24 h that are not attributable to heat, overexertion, or infection. The most commonly used treatment for multiple sclerosis relapse is a 3-5-day course of corticosteroids, primarily intravenous methylprednisolone with or without oral steroid taper.

Specific and Novel microRNAs Are Regulated as Response to Fungal Infection in Human Dendritic Cells.

Within the last two decades, the incidence of invasive fungal infections has been significantly increased. They are characterized by high mortality rates and are often caused by and . The increasing number of infections underlines the necessity for additional anti-fungal therapies, which require extended knowledge of gene regulations during fungal infection.

Paramedic-Initiated CMS Sepsis Core Measure Bundle Prior to Hospital Arrival: A Stepwise Approach.

Background: To improve patient outcomes, the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) implemented core measures that outline the initial treatment of the septic patient. These measures include initial blood culture collection prior to antibiotics, adequate intravenous fluid resuscitation, and early administration of broad spectrum antibiotics. We sought to determine if Paramedics can initiate the CMS sepsis core measure bundle in the prehospital field reliably.

'You do what's required to keep the patient at home'.

In 2011, Lesley Lyons was one of five community matrons in Trafford working to reduce avoidable hospital admissions. As advanced nurse practitioners, they worked with nine GP practices to support and monitor patients who had experienced frequent unplanned hospital admissions, helping them to stay at home and reducing GP call-outs.

'You have to explain the risks and benefits'.

Oncology trials nurse Juliah Jonasi became a clinical nurse researcher five years ago, and has not looked back. 'I don't think I would want to do anything else now,' she says.

The role of fluid intelligence and learning in analogical reasoning: How to become neurally efficient?

This study on analogical reasoning evaluates the impact of fluid intelligence on adaptive changes in neural efficiency over the course of an experiment and specifies the underlying cognitive processes. Grade 10 students (N=80) solved unfamiliar geometric analogy tasks of varying difficulty. Neural efficiency was measured by the event-related desynchronization (ERD) in the alpha band, an indicator of cortical activity.

Meet TOM - the world's first open chest paediatric/adult manikin.

Aged 15, TOM is a model patient. He has suffered more than his fair share of life-threatening events and never complains. But then TOM is not your average sick teenager - he is the world's first open chest paediatric/adult manikin.

Krüppel-like Factor 4 modulates interleukin-6 release in human dendritic cells after in vitro stimulation with Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans.

Invasive fungal infections are associated with high mortality rates and are mostly caused by the opportunistic fungi Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans. Immune responses against these fungi are still not fully understood. Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial players in initiating innate and adaptive immune responses against fungal infections.

Use of systems biology to decipher host-pathogen interaction networks and predict biomarkers.

In systems biology, researchers aim to understand complex biological systems as a whole, which is often achieved by mathematical modelling and the analyses of high-throughput data. In this review, we give an overview of medical applications of systems biology approaches with special focus on host-pathogen interactions. After introducing general ideas of systems biology, we focus on (1) the detection of putative biomarkers for improved diagnosis and support of therapeutic decisions, (2) network modelling for the identification of regulatory interactions between cellular molecules to reveal putative drug targets and (3) module discovery for the detection of phenotype-specific modules in molecular interaction networks.